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Tuolin temple is located on the Xiangquan River in the northwest of Zada County, Ali Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwest China. It was built in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is the first Buddhist temple built in Ali Prefecture by the Guge Kingdom (10th-17th century A.D.).

In 1996, it was listed as "national first-class cultural relics protection unit". For hundreds of years, Tuolin temple has experienced all kinds of natural and man-made destruction, but it is still full of temples and towering pagodas.

Tuolin temple was built in 996 ad. it was designed and built by yixiwo, king of Guge Kingdom, and Renqing sangbu, master of Buddhist scriptures translation, following the Sangye temple in Tibet.

Toreen means to fly in the air and never fall. Thanks to the vigorous development of Buddhism in the Guge Dynasty, Tuolin Temple gradually became the center of Buddhism at that time. The architectural layout of the Buddhist temple is strip-shaped, including three parts: hall, monk's house and tower forest. The main buildings are KASA hall, Bai Hall (nun Hall), pagoda, Luohan hall, Maitreya hall, Dharma protection hall, assembly hall (zulacan Hall), sekang hall, adixia Hall of preaching scriptures, and zhuanjing room, larang, Sangha, etc.

Tuolin Temple combines the architectural styles of India, Nepal and Tibet. It is a precious material for the study of local architecture, sculpture, painting and other aspects. Tuolin Temple means "flying Temple".

Around the temple, the terrain is flat. There were many monks' houses, but now they are folk houses. The temple is surrounded by Tushan in the South and Langqin Zangbu in the north. The halls, pagodas, pagoda walls and monk houses are scattered like stars. It has an extraordinary look from afar.

In 1076 (the year of fire dragon in Tibetan calendar), with the support of Zande, the Guge king, a Falun meeting was held in Tuolin temple. At that time, eminent monks from Wei, Tibet, Kang and other regions attended the meeting. It was known as the "great Falun meeting in the year of fire dragon" in history, and "Bingchen Falun meeting" in Chinese literature and history, which became a great Buddhist event in Tibet. Due to the residence of master adixia and the holding of the grand meeting of the year of fire dragon, Tuolin Temple became famous in Tibet and became a famous Tibetan temple in the middle ages.

tholing

Tuolin temple, located on the Xiangquan River in the northwest of Zada County, Ali Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwest China, was built in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was the first Buddhist temple built in Ali Prefecture by the Guge Kingdom (10th-17th century A.D.).

In 1996, Tuolin temple was listed as "national first-class cultural relics protection unit". For hundreds of years, Tuolin temple has experienced all kinds of natural and man-made destruction, but it is still full of temples and towering pagodas.

Tuolin temple was built in 996 ad. it was designed and built by yixiwo, king of Guge Kingdom, and Renqing sangbu, master of Buddhist scriptures translation, following the Sangye temple in Tibet. Toreen means to fly in the air and never fall. Thanks to the vigorous development of Buddhism in the Guge Dynasty, Tuolin Temple gradually became the center of Buddhism at that time.

Basic overview

The architectural layout of Tuolin temple is strip-shaped, including three parts: hall, monk's house and talin. The main buildings are KASA hall, white hall (nun's Hall), pagoda, Rohan hall, Maitreya hall, Dharma protection hall, assembly hall (zulacan Hall), sekang hall, adixia Hall of preaching scriptures, lamarang room, monk's house, etc.

building structure

The main building is the GASA hall. The main hall is divided into the inner and outer rings. The inner ring includes the central hall and four small halls. The central hall is square in shape, providing the main mandala and the Buddha statues of the Tathagata. There are corridors around it to connect with the four sub halls. The outer ring includes 16 halls, and the middle hall has a turning path. Four red brick towers with a height of 13 meters are also built at the four corners of the outer ring. The white hall is located in the northeast of the assembly hall. There are many exquisite murals on the walls of the hall.

The Tallinn is divided into two groups. Each group has three long towers, each of which is made up of dozens or hundreds of small towers with the same shape.

Tuolin Temple combines the architectural styles of India, Nepal and Tibet. It is a precious material for the study of local architecture, sculpture, painting and other aspects.

Temple pattern

Tuolin Temple means "flying Temple". Around the temple, the terrain is flat. There were many monks' houses, but now they are folk houses. The temple is surrounded by Tushan in the South and Langqin Zangbu in the north. The halls, pagodas, pagoda walls and monk houses are scattered like stars. It has an extraordinary look from afar.

The original buildings of Tuolin temple are large in scale, including three main halls of longbalangzelacan, lacangabo and Dukang, nearly ten middle and small halls of balzulacan, manilacan, tujilacan, Naju Lacan, qiangbakan, gongkang and quebacang, as well as the private residence, monk's house, sutra hall, pagoda and tower wall of Kanbu (abbot of the temple). Due to historical reasons, the temple has been damaged to varying degrees. Only three halls and one pagoda are well preserved.

Temple History

In Tibetan history, Tuolin Temple plays an important role. The stories of the famous yixiwo, adixia, renqinsangbu and other characters are all set in Torin temple, which condenses the painstaking efforts of the craftsmen in India, Nepal and Ladakh, and is also the epitome of the architectural and Buddhist styles of the three places.

In good condition, Tuolin temple was composed of GASA hall, Bai hall, Shiba Luohan hall, Miller Buddha Hall, Dharma protection temple, adixia hall, Renqin sangbu translator hall, numerous monk houses and Pagoda Forest. Now it is difficult to see the original scale pattern from the remains of broken walls and pagodas.

At the time of the founding of Guge, it was confirmed that he respected Buddhism. Although Tibetan Buddhism began to revive at that time, it was still in chaos. Yixiwo, the second generation king of Guge, set things right and built Tuolin temple. Later, adixia, an eminent Indian monk, was invited to spread the Dharma and take this temple as his residence in tin. Adixia led to the revival of Tibetan Buddhism, and Tuolin Temple gradually became the center of Tibetan Buddhism at that time.

It is said that there are still many relics in the surrounding ruins. The architectural style and frescoes of toreen temple are obviously directly influenced by Nepal and India. It is the epitome of the architectural and Buddhist styles of various places.

Spreading Buddhism

Adixia, an eminent Indian monk, once preached Buddhist scriptures and preached Buddhism here. Since then, many eminent monks have left their footprints here.

With a history of more than 900 years, Tuolin temple has experienced various natural and man-made damages, especially the impact of the cultural revolution. After constant renovation, the main hall has been restored to its original shape. It can be seen that its design and layout are basically in accordance with the appearance of Sangye temple. The main building symbolizes Xumi mountain, the four towers symbolize the four Dharma protectors, and there are many gold-plated Buddha statues in the hall.

Fortunately, although the building was damaged, because it was used as a granary during the cultural revolution, the hall was well preserved, and the murals inside were still vivid and amazing. It's suggested that you bring a flashlight to enjoy, because the light in the hall is dim.

Pagoda remains

Because it is in the valley of the earth forest, the red wall and the earth forest are resplendent and magnificent. Whenever someone shakes the scripture tube, he turns the scripture around Tuolin Temple along the path in the earth forest. This scene also makes people feel a lot. In the Xiangquan Valley beside the Tuolin temple, there is a row of hundreds of pagodas hundreds of meters long. In addition, it is also a rare pleasure to watch the spectacular sunrise and sunset of Zada tulin in the valley.

Tuolin temple is a famous temple in Ali area. It was built in the early 11th century by yixiwo, the eldest son of Wang dezugon, the first generation of the Guge kingdom. It is a place where Renqin sangbu (958-1055), a famous Buddhist translator in the later Hongqi period of Tibetan Buddhism, translated scriptures and taught disciples. In 1036, King ward of Guge and his brother jiangquwo invited adixia (982-1054), the first temple of nalanduo temple and Chaoyan temple, from India to Tibet. They lived in sitorin temple, preached Buddhist scriptures and preached Buddhism. The temple also expanded and began to take shape.

Famous temples in Tibet

In 1076 (the year of fire dragon in Tibetan calendar), with the support of Zande, the Guge king, a Falun meeting was held in Tuolin temple. At that time, eminent monks from Wei, Tibet, Kang and other regions attended the meeting. It was known as the "great Falun meeting in the year of fire dragon" in history, and "Bingchen Falun meeting" in Chinese literature and history, which became a great Buddhist event in Tibet. Due to the residence of master adixia and the holding of the grand meeting of the year of fire dragon, Tuolin Temple became famous in Tibet and became a famous Tibetan temple in the middle ages.

Longba longzelacan: it means "know all about the Tathagata hall". Among the three palaces, the earliest is in age and the most peculiar in shape. In fact, the hall is a large Mandala (Mandala). The gate faces east by North with an area of 2594.75 square meters (53.5 meters long from east to west and 48.5 meters wide from north to South).

Statue of arhat

The square hall in the center symbolizes Xumi mountain. The four groups of small halls in four directions represent the four major continents respectively. The four towering towers in the four corners represent langzelakan, which is mainly for the Tathagata. On the four sides, there are four small seats, namely, duojisheng balakang, Renqin jiunairakang, duiyou Lord balakang and langdui taiyirakang. These five "cross" connected halls form a small "Ya" shape in the center, and the outer ring is made up of four small seats It is composed of the main hall and the fourteen small halls, respectively offering statues of Buddha, Bodhisattva, Tara and arhat.

This group of temples basically retains some of the characteristics of Tibetan Buddhist temple architecture, but also has some changes. The three main halls in the south, North and west of the outer area are surrounded by the Sutra turning path. There is also a large Sutra turning path between the central hall and the surrounding Buddhist halls, which is a typical structure of the Buddhist hall in the Tubo Period. It is said that it was built in imitation of the Sangye Temple (and the Sangye temple is based on the Indian flying Temple), condensing the huge building group of the Sangye temple into one building, which can be called the best work of ancient Tibetan architectural art.

Since the construction of longbazelakang, Tuolin temple has been well-known. In the early and late 15th century, suobad and ciwanglangjie, the king of Ladakh, sent people to survey and map the temple twice. Later, Awang rosangjiacuo, the fifth Dalai Lama, took it as a unique and complete temple building and put it on the wall of the middle corridor of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa to show its original appearance.