He yuan

He garden, also known as Jixiao villa, is a private garden, which was built by he Zhiwa in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. It is a representative work of garden architecture in the late Qing Dynasty and is known as the first garden in the late Qing Dynasty. The whole garden is composed of back garden, residence courtyard and rubble Hill House in the southeast. Among the parts, they are connected by corridor.

Heyuan has four "No.1 in the world" of Chinese gardening art. Among them, the 1500 meter cloister, the most characteristic architecture, which enjoys the reputation of "No.1 corridor in the world", is unique in Chinese gardens. The other four firsts are the "No.1 mountain in the world" of pianshishanfang, It's the "only one in the world" of Shitao and Dieshi, the great master of painting. From this, we can see the famous "moon in the water". With the help of a series of flower window belts composed of leaky windows and empty windows on the corridor, it's known as "the first window in the world". Heyuanzhong Water Center Pavilion is a rare water center stage in China, known as "the first Pavilion in the world".

He yuan

Heyuan, located at No.66, xuningmen street, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, also known as Jixiao villa, is a Chinese classical garden building built in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, known as "the first garden in the late Qing Dynasty", with an area of more than 14000 square meters and a construction area of more than 7000 square meters. He yuan was created by he Zhidan during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty. The stone mountain house is the work of Shitao.

There are many celebrities who have lived in He Yuan. Huang Binhong, a famous master of traditional Chinese painting, came to Yangzhou six times and lived on the East first floor of the horse riding building. Mr. Zhu Qianhua, a famous writer, lived in He Yuan for more than five years. His former residence was on the second floor of the East horse riding building.

Heyuan is a national key cultural relic protection unit, a national AAAA tourist attraction, and one of the first batch of 20 key parks in China. The main scenic spots include corridor, horse riding building, etc. He yuan is the representative work of Yangzhou garden in the late Qing Dynasty, and it is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The scenic area (Park) will be open to the public from March 21, 2020. Tourists need to scan the "Yangzhou citizens travel registration" QR code, or show their ID card for real name registration, and wear masks.

Historical evolution

In the first year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1862), Heyuan was first built. The former site was shuanghuaiyuan garden in Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty. The original name of He Yuan is Jixiao mountain manor. The name of He Yuan comes from Tao Yuanming's coming and going, which is "depending on the south window to be proud, climbing Donggao to be comfortable".

In the ninth year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty (1883), he Zhilian left his post as an official of huangde road of Han Dynasty in Hubei Province and the supervisor of Jianghan pass. He bought the former site of Wu's Stone Mountain House and later expanded it into a garden. It took 13 years to build Jixiao villa in Yangzhou.

In 1937, the Japanese invaded China and occupied the three eastern provinces, so that most of China was occupied. Some wounded soldiers were stationed in Heyuan.

In 1988, he yuan and Geyuan were awarded the title of the third batch of "national key cultural relics protection units" by the State Council.

In 1989, the pianshishanfang was renovated, and the "pianshishanfang" on the lintel was replaced by Shi Tao's ink.

In 2005, he yuan was called "the first garden in the late Qing Dynasty" by Luo Zhewen, President of the Chinese society of cultural relics and a leading landscape architect.

architectural composition

overview

The whole garden of He Yuan is divided into four parts: East Garden, West Garden, YuanJu courtyard and pianshishan house. Pianshishan house is in the south of East Garden, while YuanJu courtyard is surrounded by east garden, West Garden and pianshishan house. The two-story building and corridor in the garden are connected with the front residence.

Dongyuan

The main building of Dongyuan is a four side hall, which is a ship hall with a single eaves and a corridor. It is 15.65 meters wide and 9.50 meters deep. The hall is shaped like a boat. It is paved with pebbles and tiles. The pattern is wavy, giving people the artistic conception of living in water. Taking this building as the main scene, on the south facing porch pillars of Ming Dynasty, there is a woodcut couplet "the moon is the host, plum is the guest, flowers are the four wall boat is the home"; in the north of the hall, there is a rockery built against the wall; in the East, there is a hexagonal pavilion with a back against the pink wall; in the west, there are stone steps leading to the corridor; in the south, there are five halls, three sides of which are corridors, and in the corridor, there is a half moon platform.

Xiyuan

Xiyuan has a wide space, with a large pool in the center, and the hall and gallery are built around the pool. The North Building of the pool is seven Ying wide, and the roof is scattered; the three rooms of the middle building are slightly protruding, the two rooms on both sides are slightly convergent, and the corners are slightly tilted, which is like a butterfly, so it is commonly known as "butterfly hall". The side of the building is connected with the corridor and separated from the rockery. There are leaky windows between the walls of the corridor, which can see the scenery of both sides. There is a stone bridge in the east of the pool, which connects with the Shuixin Pavilion. The South curved bridge of the pavilion caresses the waves and connects with the platform. In the west of the pool, there is a rockery, behind which there are three couplets hanging in the flower hall, and a yellow stone rockery. In the south of the corridor in the west of the pool, there is a two-story building with three bays, which occupies a corner of the courtyard.

Main attractions

Stone Mountain House

Adjacent to He Yuan is the "Stone Mountain House", which is the only human version of Shi Tao, a great painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. Located in the hinterland of Pianshan stone house, there is a stone house. The stone mountain house was rebuilt in 1989. The Stone Mountain House on the lintel was replaced by Shi Tao's ink.

Ming Nan Mu Hall

There is a nanmu hall in the east of pianshishan house, which is the oldest preserved building in Heyuan. It has a history of more than 300 years until 2012. There is a "no boat" on the west side of the hall. Sitting on the boat, you can overlook the fish pond, just like a boat sailing back from the outside, which means that it is smooth and smooth. Sitting on the boat, you can overlook the fish pond.

Nanmu hall in Qing Dynasty

In front of Yuxiu building is an area of 160 square meters of "hugui hall", which is the largest and most complete nanmu hall preserved in Yangzhou at present. Here is the place for the host to receive guests. On both sides of the main entrance of Nanmu hall, the western architectural techniques are integrated, and the whole 4 square meter large and 9 mm thick glass is used, which has a good lighting effect.

Moon in water

The moon in the water is a wonder in the rockery and gully of the stone mountain house. In the daytime, there is a bright moon in the pool water, and it varies with the perspective of the viewer. It was originally a hole on the wall after stone folding, which was covered by stone folding with different viewing angles.

He family ancestral hall

Hejia ancestral hall covers an area of about 300 square meters. It is located in the southwest of Heyuan, close to the Stone Mountain House of Heyuan. The ancestral hall forms large and small ancestral halls from east to west. The statues on display in the ancestral hall are the authentic copies of the original ancestral hall, showing the statues of he Zhidan and his five generations. They were officially opened to the public on April 30, 2007.

Horse riding building

Out of the Yuxiu building, along the corridor of the compound road eastward into the horse riding building. The horse riding building is the guest house of He Yuan, which is shaped like a saddle and is divided into two buildings, East and West. The East Building, also known as the East first floor, is neatly arranged to the north, the East Second floor and the east third floor. The three buildings are two-story, connected from front to back and connected from top to bottom.

Yuxiu building

The theme building of yuxiulou is a two-story building with two brick and wood structures. It not only adopts the traditional Chinese concept of building string, but also integrates the western architectural techniques, such as the French shutter doors and windows, the Japanese sliding doors, the French fireplace, the iron bed and so on.

Peony Hall

Entering the east gate of He Yuan, you can see the back garden of He Yuan first. The whole back garden is divided into East and west parts. Through the round entrance of Jixiao villa, the peony hall is presented. The brick carving of "Phoenix blowing peony" is embedded on the facing gable, so the peony hall gets its name.

Wall mounted rockery

A group of rockeries with a length of more than 60 meters are stacked on the wind and fire wall at the back of the ship hall. On the rockeries, there is a rolling path, on the bottom there is an empty valley, and the water flows around the valley. There is a moon Pavilion on the mountain. After passing the moon Pavilion, you can get on the corridor, forming a three-dimensional traffic of the whole garden.

Ship Hall

Among all the buildings in the east garden, the boat hall is the most exquisite. The shape of the whole hall is like a boat. Pebbles and tiles are laid around the hall to form a water ripple shape, giving people the artistic conception of living in water. There are couplets on the pillars beside the hall: "the moon is the host, Mei is the guest, the flowers are the four walls, and the boat is the home".

Compound corridor

Compound road is formed by sandwiching a wall in the middle of the double-sided corridor, which plays the role of diversion. The intersection of compound road leads to butterfly gallery on one side and reading building on the other. The reading building is located in the northwest corner of the ship hall. Walking into the west garden, the first thing you can see is the corridor that runs through the whole garden, with a total length of more than 1500 meters. It is known as the rudiment of China overpass. The cloister, commonly known as chuanlou by Yangzhou people, is divided into upper and lower floors, connecting the east garden, the west garden and the residential courtyard. On the southeast walls of the cloister, there are shijindong windows and Shuimo leaky windows.

Water Center Pavilion

The west garden is centered by a pool. In the middle of the pool is the Shuixin Pavilion. This Shuixin Pavilion is the only water opera Pavilion in China. It is specially used by the garden owner to enjoy opera, dance and cool scenery. A dream of Red Mansions, huanzhu gege, Bisheng and other more than 100 films and TV plays have been shot here.

Butterfly Hall

On the north side of the pool is the banquet hall used by the host to entertain guests. Because the corner of the hall is raised, it looks like a butterfly fluttering its wings, so it is called butterfly hall. The wooden walls of the hall are carved with calligraphy and paintings of famous steles of past dynasties.

Moon tower

From Fudao zigzag southbound, is the moon tower, also known as Yixuan tower, where the owner's mother lives. The iron railings on both sides of the corridor were imported from abroad at that time, and were engraved with the words "prolong life".

Tongren Museum

Named after "Tongren", Tongren hall commemorates Tongren middle school, a school founded in Heyuan 60 years ago