Collection introduction
General introduction
Tainan Confucius Temple, known as "the first school in Taiwan", was built in 1666, the 20th year of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first Confucius temple built in Taiwan and the first institution of higher learning established in Taiwan after Zheng Chenggong regained Taiwan. Before that, Taiwan did not have any formal facilities for Chinese culture and Education (such as private schools and schools). Therefore, the establishment of Tainan Confucius Temple marked the formal entry of Confucianism into Taiwan and became an important milestone in the history of Taiwan's education development. It opened a new page in the history of Taiwan's education, from which Chinese traditional culture and education spread on Taiwan Island.
Special topic: "the first study in Taiwan" Confucius Temple in Tainan
More Confucius temples: Digital Museum of Confucius temples in China
Detailed introduction
In the Confucius Temple, there was a "Taixue", and Chen Yonghua, the censor of the imperial army at that time, was appointed as the "academy" by Zheng Jing, the successor king, which was also the leader of Taixue. Thus, a relatively complete education system has been established on Taiwan Island: the highest is Taixue, which is equivalent to higher education; the government sets up government schools, the state sets up state schools, which is secondary education; the township sets up township schools, which is primary education. The main contents are three character classic, thousand character essay and Confucian classics. At that time, it was stipulated that "every citizen should enter school at the age of eight, and take the classics and history articles as lessons.". Then, the imperial examination system began to be implemented in Taiwan: once every three years, the candidates in the state examination went through the government examination and the hospital examination, and the candidates entered the Imperial College; finally, once every three years, the candidates with good results could enter the Imperial College. The picture shows the Dacheng Hall of Tainan Confucius Temple.
brief introduction
The Confucius Temple in Tainan, also known as the Confucian temple, was built in the Yongli period of the Ming Dynasty. It is the earliest Confucian temple in Taiwan and the first institution of higher learning established in Taiwan after Zheng Chenggong regained Taiwan. Before that, Taiwan did not have any formal facilities for Chinese culture and Education (such as private schools and schools). Therefore, the establishment of Tainan Confucius Temple marked the formal entry of Confucianism into Taiwan and became an important milestone in the history of Taiwan's education development. It opened a new page in the history of Taiwan's education, from which Chinese traditional culture and education spread on Taiwan Island. It is known as "the first school in Taiwan.". Today, it has been listed as a first-class historic site, with numerous cultural relics and magnificent temples.
In the Confucius Temple, there was a "Taixue", and Chen Yonghua, the censor of the imperial army at that time, was appointed as the "academy" by Zheng Jing, the successor king, which was also the leader of Taixue. Thus, a relatively complete education system has been established on Taiwan Island: the highest is Taixue, which is equivalent to higher education; the government sets up government schools, the state sets up state schools, which is secondary education; the township sets up township schools, which is primary education. The main contents are three character classic, thousand character essay and Confucian classics. At that time, it was stipulated that "every citizen should enter school at the age of eight, and take the classics and history articles as lessons.". Later, the imperial examination system was implemented in Taiwan: once every three years, the candidates in the state examination went through the government examination and the hospital examination, and the candidates entered the Imperial College; finally, once every three years, the candidates with good results could enter the Imperial College.
The Confucius Temple was built by Chen Yonghua, the Minister of Zheng Chenggong. After several repairs, the door of the temple is decorated with a gold plaque, which is the first of all in Taiwan. It is powerful and impressive, and it is more solemn and solemn. The main body of the building is the Dacheng hall, which is dedicated to Confucius. There are no pillars and corridors in the Dacheng hall, and it is supported by beams with thick walls. The beams of the hall are decorated with plaques bestowed by various emperors of the previous Qing Dynasty. The East and West verandas on both sides are dedicated to 72 disciples of Confucius and the deities of the ancient Confucian sages. The two sides are adjacent to the ritual and musical instrument warehouses. The ancient ritual and musical instruments are well preserved for sacrifice The main hall is followed by the Chongsheng temple, which is dedicated to Confucius' ancestral tablets of the Five Dynasties and Confucius' carp.
Architecture
In front of Dacheng hall is the Lingxing gate. In the east of the gate are the ancestral halls of filial piety and filial sons, and in the West are the ancestral halls of Minghuan and Xiangxian. Another simple and elegant hall with sparse flowers and trees is Minglun hall. The full text of Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy "University" is embedded in the main wall of the hall, which is very precious. Wenchang Pavilion is located in the rear of Minglun hall, with a three-story tower layout. It is the highest building of Confucius temple, worshipping the emperor of Wenchang and serving as a library. There is a wall outside the gate of Lingxing to separate the temple (Dacheng Hall) and the school (Minglun Hall). There are ritual gate and righteousness road between the East and the west of the wall, which means the way to cultivate morality and career. Now the wall has collapsed, and there are only two doors standing in the vestibule. In front of the gate of Dacheng, there is a half moon shaped panchi, which was built according to the ancient style. In the past, scholars who were middle scholars could worship in the temple The pond picked water celery and inserted it on the edge of the hat to show its literary talent. Now the scientific research has been abandoned, and the fountain in panchi is flowing continuously, which is connected with the green shade in front of the court, becoming a place for tourists and the public to linger.
In addition, there is a "dismounting stele" beside the gate of dongdacheng, which was set up by decree during the reign of Emperor Kangxi. Compared with the Han and Manchu languages, it is written "civil and military officials, soldiers and civilians dismount here" to show their respect for the model of eternal teachers. There is also a Pangong stone square outside the gate, which was built for the reconstruction of Confucius Temple during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Cangjin archway stands on one side, witnessing the changes of the times and the changes of things.
Development history
Tainan Confucius Temple, located in Nanmen Road, Tainan City, is the earliest Confucian temple in Taiwan, adjacent to the Taiwan Literature Museum. The Confucius Temple in Tainan was built in 1665 (the 19th year of Ming Yongli and the 4th year of Kangxi). Chen Yonghua suggested that Zheng Jing should build it in guizipu, chengtianfu. At the beginning, it was only Dacheng hall, which was used to worship Confucius. It was also called Xianshi temple. Later, Minglun hall was set up for lecturing. It was the first school in Taiwan. In 1685, Zhou Cang, the governor of Taiwan, and Jiang Yuying, the governor of Taiwan, took charge of the reconstruction of the Confucius Temple, which was renamed "Xianshi Temple", commonly known as "Confucian Temple". In 1712, it took three years to renovate it, including Dacheng hall, Qisheng temple, Wenchang Pavilion, Land Temple, ritual gate, Yilu, Dacheng square and wall.
On December 28, 1983, it was announced as a first-class historic site of ancestral temple. On the left side of the gate stands a dismounting stele, which is full of Chinese characters and engraved with 12 words: "civil and military officials, military and civilian people, etc. dismount here", which is solemn and solemn.
festival activities
Lu Mazu: March 23 of the lunar calendar is Mazu's birthday. Every three years, Mazu goes on a tour in tatouhou palace in Tainan. Nearby temples also send out sedan chairs and array heads to boost their momentum. Tai Tin Hau Temple in Tainan is the earliest Mazu temple in Taiwan, and "Cho Mazu" in Tainan is the earliest Mazu pilgrimage and tour activity in Taiwan. It was recorded during the Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty that the tour covered more than 300 kilometers of Xianglu, covering today's Yunjia Nangao area. Dragon Boat Race: the Dragon Boat Race in the Dragon Boat Festival is commonly known as "Dragon Boat Race". Tainan is the first area in Taiwan to hold dragon boat race in the Dragon Boat Festival. Before the start of the competition, there must be ceremonies such as inviting the God of water, receiving the dragon boat and offering sacrifices to the river. After the competition, there are also ceremonies such as sending the God of water, receiving the dragon boat and Xie Jiang, as well as traditional folk art activities and song and dance performances, which are very grand. To be 16 years old: every year on the seventh day of the seventh month of the seventh lunar month, we should "be 16 years old" for the children who were 16 years old at that time, indicating that they have reached adulthood and will be responsible for their own words and deeds. Parents prepare a set of prescribed sacrifices, such as bird mother's clothing, four fruits, seven star Pavilion, five animals, seven bowls of sweet taro, etc., to take their children to worship the seven Niang mother temple. This custom comes from the legend of Cowherd and weaver girl. It is said that weaver girl's sisters sympathize with their experiences and secretly protect their children so that they can grow up safely. Customs spread, gradually forming a unique local characteristics.
Tourism strategy
Tainan Confucius Temple has the longest history in Taiwan. Since its construction, it has been repaired for more than 10 times, but the old system has been maintained. The whole Confucius Temple faces south, grand and solemn. It is built in imitation of the ancient palace style houses, belonging to the South Chinese architecture. The roof is of the traditional Xieshan double eaves type, with yellow glazed tiles and a very beautiful ridge. There is a horizontal plaque on the door of the temple with a