Chongqing city and county

County (pinyin: Xi à n, Xu á n) is a common word in modern Chinese. "Xian" is an ancient word of "Xuan". When you read Xu á n, it means hanging. It also refers to maintenance, great difference, long distance and so on. The system of the Zhou Dynasty: "the whole world is thousands of miles away, divided into 100 counties and tied to the state." In the Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty, the county was attached to the county, and the word "county" was used as the name of the administrative region below the county level, which means that the local power was directly under the central government, and the original meaning of "Gua" was still left. Modern counties are under the jurisdiction of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous prefectures. The meanings of "hang", "maintain" and "far away" are all replaced by the word "Xuan".

(main references of basic information column)

The evolution of etymology understanding characters. In the oracle bone inscriptions (Figure A1), a tree (wood) is on the right side of the character, a rope hanging on the tree is on the upper left side (Figure A2, "Yao"), and a head hanging on the rope is on the lower left side (Figure A3, "Shou"). This is a terrible image of hanging a head high on a tree with a rope to punish the demonstration. It is a combination of the three independent hieroglyphs of "Mu", "Yao" and "Shou". Originally, it was said that in order to suppress the revolt between the serfs and the people, the ancient slave owners and feudal lords adopted severe punishment and cruel laws, killing people, hanging their heads in the trees and making an example. Therefore, this article also has the meaning of "hanging, hanging in the air, no landing". with the development of Jinwen, the form of characters has changed a lot. In the inscriptions of figure B, the side of "wood" has been moved to the left of the character; head B1 has only one eye and a lock of hair tied to the rope. In Figure C, the inscriptions simply remove the side of "wood"; put the rope on the right side of the head to become a "tie"; and the head becomes an upside down "head". The word "Shou" in the gold text is like figure C2, figure C3 is the eyebrow, and figure C4 is the head. The "head" turns upside down and becomes the form of figure C1, the head hanging upside down with eyes drooping. figure D is the character of "county" in Xiaozhuan, which is developed from figure C. Later, based on Xiaozhuan, it evolved into official script (Figure E) and regular script (Figure f). The traditional Chinese character "Xian" has sixteen pictures, and the writing speed is slow. So later, according to the simplified "partial deletion" method of Chinese characters, the character "Xian" was removed from the side of "Xi", leaving only the upside down head shape. After that, he further wrote "county" (Figure g). Since the word "county" was borrowed as the county of a county, the meanings of "hang", "Diao" and "far away" were distinguished from "county" by the word "Xuan" with "heart" under "county" in the Han and Wei dynasties.

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Interpretation of ancient books

Analytical Dictionary of Characters

It's a department. From tie to hold