Shanwei City, Guangdong Province

Shanwei City, a prefecture level city in Guangdong Province, is located in the southeast coast of Guangdong Province, bordering Jieyang City in the East and Huilai County in the East, Huizhou City in the West and Huidong County in the west, Heyuan City in the north and Zijin County in the south, and Nanhai County in the South. The total area is 4865.05 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over the urban area, Haifeng County and Luhe County, and takes charge of Lufeng City, with a permanent resident population of 2.9936 million in 2018. In 2019, the city's GDP will reach 108.03 billion yuan. Shenzhen Shantou expressway, Xiamen Shenzhen railway and Guangzhou Shanwei high speed railway run through the whole territory.

Shanwei is one of the four cities in Chaoshan and one of the cities in Shenzhen metropolitan area. Shanwei is a red hometown and old revolutionary base, one of the 13 red revolutionary bases in China, and the birthplace of China's first county-level Soviet regime. The four counties (cities and districts) in the city are all old revolutionary base counties. Shanwei is located in the east coast of Guangdong Province, known as the "golden coast of tourism in East Guangdong" by experts and scholars. The rich coastal scenery, mountain ecology, revolutionary historical sites and religious humanities constitute the four characteristic tourism resources of "red, blue, green and ancient" in Shanwei. There are 10 main scenic spots (spots), including Xuanwu mountain scenic spot, Fengshan ancestral temple scenic spot, red bay scenic spot, Jinxiang beach coastal scenic spot, Lianhua Mountain forest park scenic spot, Honggong Red Square, etc.

Shanwei has three kinds of rare operas, including Zhengzi opera, Xiqin opera and Baizi opera, with 9 national and 28 provincial intangible cultural heritages. It gave birth to Peng Pai, Ma Sicong, Zhong Jingwen, Huang Xuhua and other famous people. The city's coastline is 455km long, ranking second in the province; the number of islands is 881, ranking first in the province, and it is an excellent fishing ground in the South China Sea. The Chinese mainland has the largest coastal lagoon - pin Ching lake. The city has won the titles of "hometown of Chinese folk culture and art", "most charming city in China", "tourism city with the most investment value in China", "new landmark of modern tourism in China", "hometown of waterfowl in China", "hometown of green plum in China" and "model city of double support in Guangdong Province".

Historical evolution

In the spring and Autumn period, it belonged to Nanyue; in the Warring States period, it was called Baiyue when it entered Chu. From the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty, Shanwei belonged to BOLUO County, Nanhai county.

In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (331), Dongguan county was set up, and Haifeng County belonged to Dongguan county.

In the 11th year of emperor kaihuang (591), Dongguan county and Lianghua county were juxtaposed into Xunzhou, and Haifeng County was changed into Xunzhou. In the fifth year of Wude, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty (622), Anlu county was set up in the east of Haifeng County, and Anlu county was set up in da'antun (now under the jurisdiction of Da'an Town of Lufeng), which governed today's Lufeng City, Luhe county and one part of Huilai, Puning and JieXi Anlu County, and fuhaifeng County, is still under the state. In the first year of qianheng in the Southern Han Dynasty (917), Xunzhou was changed into Zhenzhou, and Haifeng was subordinate to Zhenzhou.

In the fourth year of emperor Tianxi of Song Dynasty (1020), Zhenzhou was changed to Huizhou because of avoiding the name taboo of Prince Zhao Zhen (later Renzong). At that time, Haifeng belonged to Huizhou on Guangnan East Road.

In Yuan Dynasty, Haifeng was located in Huizhou Road, Guangdong Road, Jiangxi Province

In the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Huizhou Prefecture of Guangdong Province; in the ninth year of Yongzheng (1731) of the Qing Dynasty, fangkuo, Shifan and Jikang in the east of Haifeng County were set up in Lufeng County. The county government is located in Donghai (today's Lufeng Donghai town). Both Haifeng and Lufeng counties belong to Huizhou Prefecture.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Shanwei City (formerly Haifeng and Lufeng) was under the jurisdiction of Guangdong chaoxun. In 1930, it was subordinate to the office of the fourth administrative inspector general of Guangdong Province.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Haifeng and Lufeng were under the jurisdiction of Dongjiang administrative Commissioner's office of Guangdong Provincial People's government.

In March 1952, it was transferred to the eastern Guangdong administrative office; in January 1956, it was subordinate to Huiyang District; on March 22, 1959, it was approved by the 86th plenary meeting of the State Council to cancel Huiyang District, and Haifeng and Lufeng were transferred to Shantou district; on December 22, 1983, the State Council approved by (83) guohanzi No. 269 to cancel Shantou District, and Haifeng and Lufeng were transferred to Huiyang District.

Beautiful scenery of Shanwei

administrative division

On January 7, 1988, the State Council issued the reply on the adjustment of some administrative divisions in Guangdong Province: Luhe county was established, with the administrative regions of Hetian, Hekou, Xintian, Luoxi, shuilip, Shanghu, Nanwan, Dongkeng and Jikang forest farm in Lufeng County as the administrative regions; Shanwei City (Prefecture level) and Shanwei City District were established, with Shanwei, Hongcao, Magong and Dongyong in Haifeng County as the administrative regions The administrative regions of the seven towns are Shanwei City. Shanwei municipal government is located in the urban area of Shanwei City (formerly Shanwei town), which governs the urban area and Haifeng, Lufeng and Luhe counties.

In November 1992, two towns of Tianlong and ZHELANG were designated as honghaiwan Economic Development Experimental Zone; in April 1995, Lufeng overseas Chinese farm in Guangdong Province was abolished and Shanwei overseas Chinese management zone was established.

In January 1995, with the approval of the State Council, Lufeng withdrew the county and built a city (county-level city), which was directly under the provincial government and entrusted to the people's Government of Shanwei.

In February 2011, the Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone was set up in the four towns of EBU, Xiaomo, Houmen and chishi in Haifeng County. It is an agency of the provincial government and entrusted to Shenzhen and Shanwei for joint management. After September 2017, Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone will be led and managed by Shenzhen.

By 2018, Shanwei city will have jurisdiction over the urban area, Haifeng County and Luhe County, and take charge of Lufeng City. Guangdong honghaiwan economic development pilot zone and Shanwei overseas Chinese management zone will be dispatched by the municipal Party committee and the municipal government, which will give the county-level economic and social management authority and set up Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone. There are 44 towns, 10 sub district offices, 148 community neighborhood committees and 720 village committees.

geographical environment

Location context

Shanwei city is located in the southeast coast of Guangdong Province, on the East Bank of the Pearl River Delta, between Shenzhen and Shantou special economic zones. It is adjacent to the Red Bay and Jieshi Bay in the East, the south foot of Lianhua Mountain, Huilai County in the East, Huidong County in the west, Meizhou City and Zijin County in the north, and Nanhai in the south, with a total area of 4865.05 square kilometers (including the area of Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone of 468.84 square kilometers). The mainland's coastline (including the Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone) is 455.2 kilometers long, accounting for 11.1% of the coastline of Guangdong Province. The sea area (including the Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone) within the continental shelf (i.e. within 200 meters of water depth) is 23900 square kilometers, equivalent to 4.5 times of the land area.

topographic features

Due to the influence of fold, fault and volcanic rock uplift caused by previous crustal movement, Shanwei City has formed a complex landform of mountain, hill, platform and plain. Shanwei is located at the south foot of Lianhua Mountain, and its mountain range inclines from northeast to southwest. Lianhua mountain ranges from Tongguling on the border of Fujian and Guangdong to the southeast, through Shanwei, across Huiyang and into the sea near Hong Kong. The terrain is hilly and mountainous in the north with overlapping mountains. There are 23 mountains over 1000 meters. The highest peak is Lianhua Mountain, with an altitude of 1337.3 meters. It is located in the northwest of Haifeng County. There are many hills and platforms in the central part, and platforms and plains in the southern coast. The mountainous and hilly areas in the city account for 43.7% of the total area.

geology

The main deep and large fault zones in Shanwei are Lianhuashan deep fault zone and Chaoan Puning deep fault zone. Lianhuashan deep fault zone: it extends eastward along Lianhuashan mountain, enters Fujian via Meixian County, westward to Huidong, and enters the South China Sea at Daya Bay and Shenzhen Bay respectively. It is about 500 km long in Guangdong Province. It is one of the main fault zones in Guangdong Province, with the characteristics of multi cycle activity and has been active since Quaternary. Chaoan Puning deep fault zone: it can be seen in Raoping, Chaoan, Puning and Lufeng, extending in NE direction, with a length of 210km in the province; the fault was formed in the late Jurassic, and is still active in the near future; the stratum is relatively simple, mainly developing Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata, including Jurassic (J) and Triassic (T). Jurassic (J) is the upper subgroup of gaojiping group (J3B) of Upper Jurassic, which is mainly found in Shenzhen Shantou cooperation area, Haifeng chishi neiwanyao Huangshandong reservoir area, Haifeng Houmen, guanmashan, qilinwei and jianfengdong area of Lufeng County. Small pieces are exposed in other places, and the lithology is rhyolite, dacite and pyroclastic rock with sand shale, 1280-8460m thick The Triassic system (T) is the upper Triassic Jurassic system (t3-j), which mainly occurs in Haifeng and Lufeng, and in the northern part of KANHE and Luhe. The lithology is conglomerate, glutenite and siltstone.

climate

Shanwei is located in the southeast coast of the Chinese mainland. It is a subtropical monsoon climate zone. Its marine climate is obvious, and its light, heat and water resources are abundant. Its main climatic characteristics are: warm climate, abundant rainfall, obvious dry and wet, sufficient light; not cold in winter, not very hot in summer, long in summer and short in winter, early in spring and late in autumn; drought in autumn and winter, frequent occurrence, summer waterlogging and wind disaster, serious harm. In 2018, the weather and climate of Shanwei City showed the characteristics of "late flood season, less total rainfall, more extreme precipitation and heavy typhoon influence", and the disastrous weather was heavy. Extreme weather events occurred frequently, and the meteorological records of hourly rainfall in Shanwei area were refreshed twice, and the duration of gale for more than 12 hours was a historical record; the total rainfall of the five major heavy rainfall processes in the year accounted for nearly 60% of the annual rainfall.

In 2018, the average temperature in Shanwei city was 22.8 ℃, slightly higher than that in normal years by 0.3 ℃. Haifeng County annual maximum temperature 36.0 ℃, annual minimum temperature 1.0 ℃, annual temperature amplitude as high as 35.0 ℃, which is rare in history. On December 22, 2018 (winter solstice), Shanwei City and Lufeng City recorded the highest temperature of 26.5 ℃ and 28.0 ℃ respectively since the establishment of the station, and Haifeng County recorded the second highest temperature of 28.3 ℃ since the establishment of the station, which became the warmest winter solstice in Shanwei since meteorological records.

Shanwei entered the flood season on May 7, 2018 (late 31