Duxianzi

Duxianzi

(notes on materia medica)

[source] it is the fruit of cashew, a family of lacquer trees.

[plant morphology] cashew nut, also known as Duxian tree (Southern vegetative), is like a tree or a heart fruit tree.

Evergreen trees with milky milk. Leaves alternate, leathery, long elliptic ovate, or obovate, 10-20 cm long, apex rounded or slightly concave, entire, petiolate; lateral veins about 10 pairs, flowers small, miscellaneous, panicle of terminal branches; flowers yellow, with light red stripes: calyx 5-lobed, lobes erect, imbricate; petals 5-linear lanceolate, imbricate; disk full of calyx base; stamens 8-9 The ovary is 1-locular, sessile, obovate or obocordate, ovule 1; style single, filiform, stigma small. Nuts reniform, laterally compressed, surface dark gray or light brown. The peel is hard and contains oil.

It is cultivated in Guangdong.

[chemical composition] the general composition of seeds is as follows: moisture 7.55%, ash 2.60%, protein 25.41%, fat 43.39%, carbohydrates 21.05%. Sugars contain fructose and glucose.

The shell of drupe contains about 8.5% water-soluble polysaccharides. After hydrolysis, a disaccharide, 3 - ο - β - d-galactopyranosyl-d-galactose, a trisaccharide and two tetrasaccharides (both of which are neutral sugars) are produced. Most of the core-shell polysaccharides are made from pentose; D-galacturonic acid, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose and D-galactose are also found in their hydrolysates.

The seed coat contains tannins, sterols and a little quinic acid. This acid is a mixture of several benzoic acid derivatives containing phenolic groups. The general composition of seed husk is 10.46% moisture, 1.57% ash, 9.20% protein, 5.82% monosaccharide, 2.64% other sugar, 0.78% polysaccharide, 3.78% gallotannin, 20.52% pyrocatechol tannin, and 0.42% oleic acid.

Seed oil (often called "shell liquid") contains many kinds of oleic acid; oleic acid is the main fatty acid (67.4%), followed by linoleic acid (19.8%), palmitic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid. "Shell liquid" is composed of 71.7% furoic acid, 18.7% furoic acid and 4.7% furoic acid. It also contains more methyl diphenol than furoic acid (the methyl group is located in the middle of two hydroxyl groups). This kind of "shell liquid" is a special material because it contains a lot of Furoic acid. It can be used to make paint, plastic and cation exchange resin. If acid is heated, it is easy to lose carbon dioxide and produce diols and diols: these two kinds of phenols, like diols, are actually a mixture of several similar substances.

[pharmacological action] the nucleolus is edible, while the skin of the nucleus is irritant. The water extract of bark (extracted in dark environment at 0-5 ℃ and ineffective after heating) can reduce blood pressure. The tincture or extract of bark has hypoglycemic effect on normal people, starting from 15-20 minutes after oral administration, and lasting for 3 hours after 60-90 minutes. Bark (endothelium) Decoction can also reduce blood sugar in animals. The hypoglycemic components can promote the production of CO2 in testicular adipose tissue of rats in vitro.

Both water and alcohol extracts of skin can reduce blood pressure in anesthetized cats, but the former causes respiratory depression and the latter causes respiratory excitement. The former had no effect on the rectus abdominis, while the latter was excited. Both of them had weak excitatory effect on isolated guinea pig ileum. Both of them inhibited the tension of isolated rabbit duodenum, but had no effect on its movement. The former was excited and the latter was inhibited. The water extract (1:3) has little toxicity to mice (0.8 ml intraperitoneal injection does not cause death), while the alcohol extract has certain toxicity to mice.

[nature and taste] notes on materia medica: "sweet, flat, non-toxic. "

[function indications] it can treat cough, upset and thirst.

① "Materia medica collection": "main thirst, lung, to trouble, in addition to phlegm. Dry fire for drinking. "

② "Haiyao Materia Medica": "it is characterized by irritability, heart depression, phlegm, typhoid fever, clear nose, cough and adverse upper Qi. It should be fried and taken. "