Fritillaria thunbergii

Fritillaria thunbergii

(selected Chinese herbal medicines in Yunnan)

[synonym] Fritillaria thunbergii (selected Chinese herbal medicine from Yunnan), Sagittaria Sagittaria (Tianjin Medical News (10): 16-221971)

[source] it is the bulb of Sagittaria likiangensis.

[plant morphology] Sagittaria japonica

Herbs perennial, ca. 20 cm tall. Bulb globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., skin brown. The stem is single, white in soil and purple in soil. Leaves linear, ca. 15 cm long and 0. 5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base sheathed, with parallel longitudinal veins. The flowers are purple, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, racemose, with 2-3 flowers. Perianth lobes 6, detached; stamens 6, anthers introverted. Capsule oblong, ca. 7 mm wide. It blooms in summer.

It grows on hillside grassland or under pine forest. It is distributed in Yunnan, Tibet and other places.

[collection] in summer and autumn.

[chemical constituents] the bulbs, stems, leaves and seeds contain colchicine, β - phocolchicine, colchicine, n-formyl-n-deacetylcolchicine and other alkaloids.

[nature and taste] selected Yunnan Chinese herbal medicines: "bitter, warm and poisonous. "

[function indications] antiasthmatic, antitussive, analgesic, anticancer. Treatment of bronchitis, asthma, breast cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

"Selected Chinese herbal medicines in Yunnan": "dispersing cold, relieving asthma, relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Treat tracheitis, asthma. Flour, 1-2 minutes for each, mixed with appropriate amount of honey, steamed. "

[clinical application] treatment of breast cancer

Shancigu and its alkaloid preparation: yishancigu powder: use shancigu bulb part powder, 0.5g per package, 1 package each time, 4 times a day, the total amount of 40-50g as a course of treatment. Erzhengguang 81 injection: each containing 1 mg colchicine, 2 each, diluted with 500 ml 5% glucose solution, intravenous drip, once a day, the total amount of 40-60 mg as a course of treatment. San Zhengguang 81-a tablet: it is made of colchicine derivative, namely colchicine amide. Each tablet contains 2.5 mg colchicine amide, 2 tablets each time, 4 times a day, with a total amount of 400-500 mg. The curative effect is the same as that of "Zhengguang 81", but the side effects are greatly reduced. Sizhengguang 81-a injection: each tube contains 10 mg of colchicamide. The injection method is the same as Zhengguang 81 injection, the total amount is 250-800 mg. Among the 61 cases treated with the above four preparations, 56 cases were reduced to different degrees, and the effective rate was 86.1%. The mass disappeared in 5 cases and reduced to more than half of the original volume in 17 cases. Among them, 47 cases were treated with Zhengguang 81 injection, the effective rate was 93.6%, and the markedly effective rate was 42.5%. The effect of intravenous drip is better.

Zhengguang 81 had side effects when taking 15-20 mg. 80% of the patients had symptoms such as loss of appetite, abdominal distension and constipation. 70% of the patients had weakness and joint pain. 30% of the patients had palpitations and numbness of fingers. 5% of the patients had elevated body temperature. After 2-3 days of withdrawal, the symptoms gradually disappeared (Chinese medicine can also be taken according to the clinical symptoms to alleviate the symptoms), and the side effects were later and lighter when the drug was continued. When Zhengguang 81-a injection was used to more than 100 mg, 40% of the patients had mild anorexia, fatigue, palpitation and other symptoms; when the injection was used to more than 300 mg, hair loss occurred. After taking Zhengguang 81-a tablet orally, only mild anorexia was found. Taking shancigu powder orally, mild nausea or more frequent application of stool could be produced. After taking shancigu and its alkaloid preparation, a few patients had leukopenia, but they recovered after one week of drug withdrawal, and none of them interrupted the treatment. No drug damage was found in liver and kidney function and ECG examination, but 3 cases developed diabetes after medication, and the causes need to be studied.

[poisoning] Sagittaria Sagittaria contains a large amount of colchicine, which is oxidized into colchicine oxide in the body after oral administration. It is highly toxic, causing serious irritation to the digestive system and urinary system, inhibiting the nervous system and causing ascending paralysis. If the diaphragm is involved, it will cause respiratory and respiratory dysfunction. In severe cases, the balance of water and electrolyte may be disturbed, resulting in hypochlorism, hypokalemia, alkalosis or acidosis, shock symptoms of different degrees, and even death due to respiratory failure. The total amount of colchicine in the body within 24 hours should not exceed 6 mg, and its lethal dose is about 20-20 mg. If the patients were rescued, they could still have bone marrow hematopoietic dysfunction and leukopenia in the later stage. Emergency treatment should be based on the principle of symptomatic treatment and prevention of various complications, such as gastric lavage, catharsis, infusion, adjustment of electrolyte balance, anti shock, oxygen supply, etc. In the later stage, the main drug is to promote cell growth, which is expected to recover. Because its toxic symptoms are similar to atropine, atropine should not be used.