Wu Yingji

Wu Yingji

He was a famous litterateur and hero in the late Ming Dynasty. At the end of the word, No. Loushan, Han nationality, is a native of Guichi (now Gaotian, Dayan Township, Shitai, Anhui Province). Gongsheng of Chongzhen once participated in the restoration of the society and drafted the "public exposure of remaining capital to prevent chaos" to expose the crusade against Ruan Dacheng. After the Qing troops broke through Nanjing, they insisted on fighting against the Qing Dynasty in their hometown and were held to death. The book "reading to stop watching" collects ancient Chinese reading sayings and anecdotes since the pre Qin period, which not only shows the method of reading, but also shows the way of being a person. Together with Zhang Pu, Zhang Cai, Chen Zilong and Xia Wanchun, he was the leader of the restoration society.

brief account of the author's life

Wu Yingji (October 24, 1594 to December 4, 1645) was born in Gaotian, Xingxiao Township, Guichi County, nanzhili (now Gaotian, Dayan Township, Shitai County, Chizhou City, Anhui Province) on September 11, the 22nd year of Wanli (1594). After the Manchu Dynasty entered the pass, he fought against the Qing Dynasty and was captured. He died unyielding on October 17, 1645. After his death, he was posthumously named Mr. Wenlie. In the 41st year of Qianlong (1776), the imperial court pursued Shizhong Festival.

Wu Yingji was a famous social activist, litterateur, leader of the restoration society and hero of the anti Qing Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty. Together with Liu Cheng, he was known as "Guichi Ermiao". He was a famous scholar, fighter, soldier and righteous man at that time. His integrity and talent were deeply respected by people and future generations. Wu's "erudite group of books, good at world affairs, good at ancient prose, only generous and simple, this can not be the poet's eyes, taking into account the world's good poetry without adding a second tail" (Chen Zilong's preface to Wu's second tail Jimao Poetry), "Mr. Loushan's article is above Han and Europe, loyalty and filial piety is between literature and land" (Wang Shiyun's "inscription on left poems of Loushan hall"), and Shen Qiaosheng's "Introduction to left poems of Loushan hall" is full of respect He is really far away from the rich, the poor, the humble, and the life and death. He has the integrity of heaven and earth. If we want to talk about it, we should not only call the righteous articles a perfect generation According to the summary of the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu: "at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Fu She Wu Xiucai, and Ying Ji was the first. It's a perfect person to conquer the whole evening Festival. " Chen Yuanna's timing Renji wuciwei made a comprehensive evaluation: "Qishan elite stay pregnant Qiying, fushe towel box is famous".

Life of the characters

His grandfather, Wu Guozhen, was famous for his literature at that time. His father, Wu Sizhou, was a knight in cloth. He was good at making friends with the virtuous elders. Li Shouchuan, Ying Jiyou's uncle, who had learned a lot, took the imperial examination at the age of 16. He was a doctoral student at the age of 20. He failed in the last eight examinations in Nandu (Nanjing). In 1642 of Chongzhen, he was a student of the second rank in the Imperial examination at the age of 49.

Wu Yingji studied cursive calligraphy. He first studied Huang Tingjian, then Mi Fu and Yan Zhenqing. He is bold and unrestrained, and likes to make friends. He has become a close friend with the famous four princes of Ming Dynasty (guidehou Fangyu, Yixing chendingsheng, Rugao maobijiang, Tongcheng FangYizhi). For example, in 1632, Zhou Chushu, the head of the Ministry of rites, was dismissed for not being a professional official and castrating the party. In 1642, Huang Daozhou, a great Confucian, was banished to Nanjing and lived in Shicheng bridge. He went to see him as a disciple and stayed for half a month.

In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Wu Yingji, together with Liucheng in Chizhou, Zhang Pu and Zhang Cai in Taicang (now Jiangsu Province), formed a restoration society to attack the maladministration in the late Ming Dynasty. When he exposed the malpractice of the imperial examination system, he pointed out: "today's carving and painting of Ci and Zhang, scholars advocate writing, that is, they don't know why the universe is written?" Wu wrote 10 articles such as "holding great propriety", "farewell to evil and righteousness", "sincere trust", "critical words" and "heavy change" in his "plan to advance", which put forward unique insights on improving politics.

In 1638, when he left Nanjing as the capital of the Ming Dynasty, he wrote the book, which was signed by him, Gu Gao, Hou Chaozong, Huang Zongxi and other 140 well-known people, to expose and denounce the evil activities of Ruan Dacheng, the leader of Wei Zhongxian's treacherous party, who held power and destroyed the anti Qing Dynasty. After the death of Ming Dynasty, the Qing army occupied Beijing, the imperial capital. Ruan Dacheng had the military power in his hand, and he would take revenge. He made a big search in Nanjing, and Ying Ji fled to his hometown after hearing the news.

In May of the first year of Hongguang (1645), the Qing army crossed the river, Yangzhou was the first to defend it, and Shi Kefa was martyred. Emperor Hongguang left, and Nandu died. In June of the lunar new year, Ying Ji set up troops in his hometown, echoed with Huizhou jinshengyi soldiers, cooperated with the anti Qing war, and once occupied Guichi, Shidai and other places. At the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, he led the volunteers to block the Qing army crossing the south of the Yangtze River in Niwan pass of Guichi county. Because he was outnumbered, he retreated to the mountain. Finally, he retreated to qiqipei (now known as wuyapei, in Xinlong village of Dayan township) and was captured. On October 17, he was killed in huishichong (also known as jimengshan), Lianhe village, juanqiao Town, Guichi District, outside of Chizhou City. He was 52 years old. The Qing Dynasty soldiers cut off their heads and left. According to Chizhou Fu Zhi, "if the head enters Guomen, it will remain unchanged for three days.". More than a hundred members of his family and the volunteers all died bravely. Before Wu Yingji died, he tried to write down the words of Jueming. Today, he left only one sentence, saying: half of his life, there are hundreds of people.

Hou Fangyu's Elegy: "the face is cold and grey, the beard is angry, the words are like the wind, and the Qi grabs the electric light.". After that, when Wu mengjian, the eldest son of Wu Yingji, revisited his hometown, he wrote a stirring song of qiqipei: before qiqipei, he ran to ten thousand stones, and the clouds were thick and dark. The water signal and the wind make the sand fly like a flag and thunder. The sound of my father's army falls here, the stars and the moon have no light, and the sky wants to crack. My mother had seven knife marks on her neck, and my body fell into a cliff. My sister abandoned the road and died at the age of three, and a hundred families got nothing. The water in Qianshan river is still fishy, and all the heroes are righteous at the same time. In autumn, the world is still miserable. My heart is broken, I can't bear to recall, and I can say that it's empty for thousands of years. Woo hoo, thousand years empty pit can say!

In 1849, Shi Shiduan and Shi Shiqian, the second scholar of Shankou, felt their loyalty, and donated steles to commemorate their martyrdom. In the early years of the Republic of China, two ancestral halls of Wu (Yingji) and Liu (Cheng) were built in baiyashan, and Chengxi street in Chizhou was named "Loushan Street".

List of works

Wu Yingji has a lot of works, such as the chronicles of the Guochao Dynasty, the chronicles of Donglin, the biography of Jiachao Zhongjie, the record of Liudu, the second volume of shushujian, the 20th volume of shuzizi, the second volume of fushe surname, the second volume of Youjian, the record of Xugu Bugu, the 50th volume of song history, the 30th volume of shengshiji, and the 27th volume of loushantang Volume.

Related literature

Ming History

Wu Yingji is from Guichi. He is good at modern and ancient prose, and his spirit is strong all his life. Ruan Dacheng, a native of Fuyu, lived in Nanjing, contacted the Fuyu people in the north and south, and hijacked them. Ying Ji, together with Gu Gao of Wuxi, Zuo Guocai of Tongcheng, Shen Shizhu of Wuhu, Huang Zongyi of Yuyao, Yang Tingshu of Changzhou, etc., discussed this issue for the purpose of "guarding against chaos in Liudu". There are more than 140 people listed on this list, all of whom have recovered their lives. Hou Dacheng was determined to murder Zhou Gu, and Ying Jidu was jailed to protect him. Dacheng heard that he was sent to catch him by horse, and he should go away at night. If they are defeated, they should not go. At the same time, there were Yin Minxing, Wu Hanchao, Pang Changyin, Xie Qiu, Si Shipan, Wang Zhan and Lu Zhiyu.

History of Southern Xinjiang

Wu Yingji was born in Guichi. He is good at the ancient and modern writings, and his spirit is strong all his life. In Renwu of Chongzhen, he came to Beijing as the vice governor of the local examination. The officials of the imperial court were treated as honor and disgrace. First of all, Ruan Dacheng was in Nandu, and he should gather all the famous people to fight against chaos. Dacheng dares to compare, but he is very angry and willing to get it. After Zhou Dynasty, when he went to prison, he was caught by Dacheng. He died at night. The left soldier went down to the South and the prison was released.

The uprising brigade attacked Chizhou in response to Jinsheng, and rebuilt several counties in Germany and Dongliu. The soldiers forced the war and defeated it. Yingji said, "this is not the place of death."! To the pine forest, said: "may carry on"! One of the soldiers imitated it with a knife, and chided, "my head, you can not break the evil."! He stretched out his neck and called it chief Huang, saying, "I'm bothered by this! But if you don't take my crown away, you'll see it in the ground first. The place where he was sentenced is still bloodstained.

"Kan Ben" says: in the preface to the works of Lou Shan in Rugao, there is a saying: "Lou Shan is a person who is outstanding and ambitious. A poor life, spend money and silk entertainment. If you have a good face, you should argue with the government officials about the merits and demerits. To the economic and historical evidence, national relations, the security of the times, the victory of Fang Yu, and the success or failure of the attack of soldiers and thieves, we can't help but talk about it. After that, we raised our beards and roared, scolded and cried. Another arguer said: Chongzhen was good at handling state affairs and blackmailing officials, which was the story of the death of the Han Dynasty. When I heard about the national change, I abandoned my family, sacrificed my family, killed my wife, and broke my head and bones. In spite of the education of the second and the third ancestors, I never studied to understand the way, to cultivate my spirit, to live in groups, to learn from each other, and to shoulder the responsibility of the world and to uphold the principles of the famous religion! Xiaodonglin was initiated by Loushan. Fang Dacheng wanted to kill him. He said to Marquis Fangyu, "if I want to thank Dacheng now, and I can turn disaster into happiness, I'm not laughed by fan Pang."!

National birthday record

Ying Ji, the end of the word, Guichi people, famous for the article, good to pay the corporal. Some of the ancient and modern books, later learned its ink, cited as important. In June of Yiyou, the soldiers of all prefectures and counties rose, and they should give up their families, raise thousands of scholars, and restore Guichi. After a long time, all the divisions collapsed, and Guichi fell. When Ying Ji was held, he calmly said to the general, "I will die, but there are three things to be false, that is, there is nothing to hate underground." "What?" the general asked Ying Ji said, "when I revolt, I have nothing to do with the people. I will die for myself. Don't ask. Second, I have a number of posthumous letters to hide somewhere. I am willing to pay for my life. I don't want to combine the writing behind the disaster. Third, I have a weak girl who has already written a certain word but has not returned. I would like to see her become a couple. " The Lord Gao Qiyi said, "I will commit suicide if I am born." So ZHENG Jin went south and was killed.

Selected works

Liu Du Fang Luan Gong