Jiang Wan

Jiang Wan

Jiang Wan? He was also named Gongyan. Lingling county is from Xiangxiang county. During the Three Kingdoms period, the prime ministers of Shu Han, together with Zhuge Liang, Dong Yun and Fei Yi, were called "four prime ministers of Shu Han".

Jiang Wan first entered Shu with Liu Bei and became the magistrate of Guangdu county. Because of his indifference to political affairs, he angered Liu Bei and was persuaded by Zhuge Liang to avoid death. Later, it was put into use again and cultivated by Zhuge Liang. In 234, Zhuge Liang died. Jiang Wan followed his rule, worshipped the order of Shangshu, and added Duhu and fajie. He led the governor of Yizhou, moved the general, recorded Shangshu, and granted the title of Marquis of Anyang Pavilion. In the first year of Yanxi (238), he was ordered to open the government, increase Sima, and take charge of the military and political affairs of Shuhan. The plan of attacking Cao Wei by waterway was made, but it was not adopted.

Yan Xi nine years (246), Jiang Wan died of illness, posthumous title for Gong.

Life of the characters

Early experience

When he was young, Jiang Wan was studious, intelligent, dignified and magnanimous. In his youth, Liu Min and his cousin were famous for their talent and learning. Following Liu Bei, after Liu Bei pacified Shu, Jiang Wan was appointed county magistrate of Guangdu county.

When Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and others visited Guangdu County, they found that Jiang Wan ignored the government affairs and was intoxicated. Liu Bei was furious and wanted to punish Jiang Wan. Zhuge Liang advised Liu Bei to say: "Jiang Wan is a tool of the country, not a talent of a hundred Li. He is a political man, and he should put the people's peace first, not the decoration first. I hope the Lord can see clearly." Liu Bei had always respected Zhuge Liang, so he exonerated Jiang Wan, but still dismissed him.

Repeatedly promoted

In 219, Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong and transferred Jiang Wan to the central government as shangshulang.

In the first year of Jianxing (223), Liu Chan ascended the throne, and Zhuge Liang, the prime minister, opened his office to administer affairs. He appointed Jiang Wan as Dong Cao Di and promoted him as Mao CAI. Jiang Wan was modest and refused to accept. He repeatedly recommended Liu Yong, Yin Hua, Pang Yan and Liao Chun. Zhuge Liang encouraged him again and again, and said in the message to him, "if you give up the virtuous people in order to avoid relatives, it will make the people suffer. Since people are upset, it really makes the internal and external officials confused. You should try your best to show that this election is fair and prudent." Later, he moved to join the army as prime minister.

In 227, Zhuge Liang transferred to Hanzhong to prepare for the northern expedition of Cao Wei. Jiang Wan and Zhang Yi, the long historian, left all affairs of the prime minister's office.

In the eighth year of Jianxing (230), Jiang Wan succeeded Zhang Yi as prime minister and general of Jiafu army. In Zhuge Liang's expeditions, Jiang Wan often raised grain, organized transportation, and supplied troops. Zhuge Liang often said, "Jiang Gongyan is loyal, magnanimous and tolerant. He should revive the Han Dynasty with me." Zhuge Liang then secretly said to Liu Chan, "if anything happens to my minister, all military and state affairs can be handed over to Jiang Wan."

A heavy burden

In 234, Zhuge Liang died of illness, and Jiang Wan was appointed minister. Soon after that, he was appointed governor of Yizhou. He was promoted to the rank of general, Lu Shang Shu Shi, and became the Marquis of Anyang Pavilion.

At that time, Zhuge Liang had just passed away, and people from far and near felt frightened. Jiang Wan was outstanding. He was on top of all the officials. He had neither sad expression nor happy face. His speech and behavior were as usual, so people gradually accepted him.

In the first year of Yanxi (238), Liu Chan issued an imperial edict to Jiang Wan: "before the bandits were eliminated, Cao Rui was fierce and arrogant. The people of the three counties in Eastern Liaoning could not bear the tyranny, so they connected with each other and separated from Wei. Cao Rui also launched a large-scale army to recruit his husband and attacked each other. In the past, when the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were the first to make trouble. Now, this is a good chance. You should strictly organize and manage the army, and lead all the troops to garrison in Hanzhong. Once the eastern Wu army moves northward, the two countries will form a situation of East and West horns, waiting for an opportunity to attack. " So he ordered Jiang Wan to set up a government office and increase the number of Sima.

Ambition is hard to pay

In the same year, Sima Yi led the army to attack Gongsun yuan in Liaodong. Liu Chan ordered Jiang Wan to lead the army to Hanzhong and wait for the opportunity to attack the state of Wei with Sun Wu. In six years, Jiang Wan led his troops to Hanzhong, but Wei did not dare to invade. During this period, Jiang Wan also repeatedly ordered Jiang Wei to lead his troops westward and take an offensive attitude, but the effect was not great.

Jiang Wan believed that Zhuge Liang had sent troops to Qinchuan many times before his death, and the road was difficult and inconvenient, so it was better to go east along the Han River and mianshui river. Therefore, Jiang Wan made a big boat to attack Weixing and Shangyong counties of the state of Wei, but unexpectedly, the old disease recurred and he failed to make the trip. Most North Korean and Chinese officials believe that it is easy to send troops by water, but it is not easy to return in case of failure, which is not the best policy. So the imperial court sent the minister to order Fei Yi and Jiang Wei to Hanzhong to try to dissuade Jiang Wan. Jiang Wan wrote to the later master: "it's my duty to eliminate the deformity and filth of the Han Dynasty. It's been six years since I came to Hanzhong. Because of my poor aptitude and illness, I didn't make any progress. If we join forces with Soochow, we will gradually eat up the kingdom of Wei, even if we can't swallow it up quickly. However, during the second and third period of the Wu Dynasty, they were unable to overcome their difficulties and forgot to eat and sleep, so they discussed with Fei Yi and others. They thought that Liangzhou was a dangerous place, and they had money to advance and retreat. The people of the Qiang and Hu people lived in the Han Dynasty. In the past, they entered the Qiang with a partial army, and Guo Huai broke away. It should be the first thing to calculate the length of the situation. Jiang Wei should be used as the governor of Liangzhou. Jiang Wei left the army in the northwest, and we should lead the army to follow, while Fu County has access to water and land, and Wanyi East It's not hard to cope with the changes in the north. " Jiang Wan then entered Fu County, and his condition became more and more serious.

He died of serious illness

In 244, Jiang Wan asked to transfer the post of governor of Yizhou to Fei Yi because of illness. Liu Chan appointed Fei Yi as governor of Yizhou.

In the ninth year of Yanxi (246), Jiang Wan died of illness and was granted the posthumous title of "Gong".

Character evaluation

Zhuge Liang: first, Jiang Wan, the instrument of the country, is not a talent of a hundred Li. ② I wish your majesty to believe in it, and the prosperity of the Han Dynasty can be seen in a short time. ③ Gong Yan, who is loyal and elegant, should praise Wang Ye with me. ④ If you are unfortunate, you should pay Wan.

Chen Shou: Jiang Wanfang is dignified. Fei Yi is generous and fraternal. He inherits the rules of Zhuge and does not change according to the rules. The reason is that the border is safe and the country is harmonious. However, it is not suitable to govern the small and live in peace.

Yuan Hong: Gong Yan's roots are rooted in Zhongzheng. It's not imitation, it's real elegance. It's not only a restraint, but also a load. It's a long time to be respectful.

Pei Songzhi: Jiang and Fei are the prime ministers. They did not act rashly for their merits and suffered losses. But they are the teachers of Luogu on the outside. They protect the inside and arrest the inside. They are suitable for treating the small and living in peace. How can they be more than that! Today, I ridicule the fact that it is not enough but not enough, so that visitors do not know what it means.

Wang Fuzhi: Jiang Wan changed the plan of Zhuge and wanted to take the boat master to the east of Han and Mianyang to attack Wei Xing and Shangyong. Wei Xing and Shangyong were not the rock danger on which Wei relied, but also the redundant land. If you can conquer it, will you be able to go down to Xiangyang and fan in the East and collect Wan and Luo in the north? No, I can't. Why? Wei Xing, Shangyong, and the east of Hanzhong were in danger, and the soldiers relied on it to prevent the sudden riding. If they relied on the danger to consolidate themselves, they would go out of danger and lose their spirit. They could not go beyond the speed limit to fight with others. And the boat master's downstream also, Yi Yi; no and check it and guard relaxation, one from the water and decline, Qi is not enough to live, will also defeat the road. The former LORD fought with Wu for water and broke down. What if he wanted to take water as his potential and fight with his chariots for the original land? Wei and foot on the ground, capital bed full, sit and system in Dan, Yu Mei, such as moth to flame, ten flutter and nine die. So Jiang Wan died and Fei Yi stabbed him, but there was no one in Shu Han.

Duanmuyu: in the early days of all sages, there was only one old general, Zhao Yun, and only one Jiang Wan. Xiang Chong and Dong Yun had the responsibility of not catching generals.

Tang Peng: Jiang Wan was the head of Guangdu and did not manage affairs; he was the chief General of Guangdu and served as a general. When it is stored, it must be? His hair is also called "Fuqi".

personal works

Jiang Wan's works were compiled as the collection of Jiang Gong and Marquis, which was included in Lushan jingshe series; mourning clothing notes, which was also included in Sui Shu · Jingji Zhi (all three national languages). There are also Jiandong Yunbiao and Chengming Shangshu in Quan San Guo Wen.

Anecdotes and allusions

be kind and generous

Dong Cao and Yang Xi don't like to talk very much. When Jiang Wan talks to him, Yang Xi doesn't answer. So someone says to Jiang Wan, "when you talk to Yang Xi, Yang Xi doesn't respond. This attitude towards the boss is very arrogant." But Jiang Wan said, "people's hearts are different, just like their faces. On the surface, they are obedient, but on the back, they are opposed. This is what the ancients admonished. If Yang Xi appreciates me, it's not his original intention. If he opposes me, it will show that I'm wrong. So he doesn't answer in silence. Yang Xi is really a happy person. "

Yang Min, the governor of agriculture, once maliciously damaged Jiang Wan: "Jiang Wan is not as confused as his predecessors." Some people told Jiang Wan that the judicial officer thought that Yang Min's crime could be treated with this, but Jiang Wan said, "I'm not as good as my predecessors, so Yang Min is right." When the judicial officer heard what Jiang Wan said, he asked Jiang Wan what he had done in a muddle headed way. Jiang Wan said, "what he said is not as good as his predecessors, that is, the improper handling of things, that is, the muddle headed way of doing things. What is there to ask?" Later, Yang Min committed a crime and was jailed. Everyone thought that Yang Min would die, but Jiang Wan dealt with it in accordance with the law and did not incriminate Yang min. Jiang Wan's likes and dislikes are all of this type.

Night dream a cow

After Jiang Wan was removed from office, he dreamt that there was a cow in front of the door bleeding a lot, so he went to ask Zhao Zhi to interpret his dream. Zhao Zhi said: "seeing blood means right and wrong. The horn and nose of the cow have the word" Gong ". In the future, it will be positioned as" San Gong ". This is a auspicious sign." Soon, Jiang Wan was appointed magistrate of Shifang county.

Birth anecdotes

It is said that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in yijiawan on the Bank of Juanshui River, there lived a couple surnamed Jiang who were over 50 years old and had no children. One night, Jiang's wife dreamt that a bright star was falling on her bed,