Qin Opera

Name of Chinese national intangible cultural heritage: Qin Opera

Applicant: Gansu Qin Opera Troupe

Item No.: 160

Project No.: Ⅳ - 16

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Gansu Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Gansu Qin Opera Troupe

Protection unit: Gansu Qinqiang Art Theatre Co., Ltd

Introduction to Qin Opera:

Applicant: Gansu Qin Opera Troupe

Qin opera is the largest opera in Northwest China, popular in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other places. Gansu Qinqiang was formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a combination of Gansu "shadow play" (also known as "Lanzhou shadow play") and "western Qinqiang". Gansu dialect is used in the singing and speaking.

The tune system of Gansu Qinqiang is quite special, which is represented by the form of "plate with Qupai, Qupai with Buddhist music", including six types of plate, such as adagio, 26ban, Jianban, Daoban, gunban, Daiban, tinggenggu, hongyanfei, Qiqiang, Gaoqiang, zhuangyuanling, zhongjunling, etc., as well as the source From the temple FA Qu, there are many Buddhist songs, such as "Buddha worships the son", "Dharma", "Buddha's name", "Taoist song" and "persuading good tune".

The musical means of Gansu Qinqiang are rich and varied. The board and the card can be flowered and the bitter sound can be opposed. Its accompaniment can be divided into Wenchang and Wuchang. Wenchang basically maintains the accompaniment form of Western Qin opera in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with huqin, stuffy beard, Sanxian, Yueqin and flute as the main instruments, while huqin plays the leading role; Wuchang uses Guban, gongs, cymbals and cymbals as the main instruments, while Bangzi beats the knot to fix the eyes, while tanban and Gangu play the role of commanding the whole performance. The roles of Gansu Qinqiang include Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, and each line is further subdivided, forming its own vocation and performance program in the performance practice. His performance "heavy frame", "rebirth net", "special skills", fully reflects the hot, vigorous style. Gansu has a rich repertoire of Qin opera. There are more than 3000 traditional repertoires, most of which are based on stories such as "the kingdoms", "the Three Kingdoms", "Yang Jiajiang" and "Shuoyue". The earliest extant plays are from Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. Qin Opera repertoire has a great influence on all kinds of important local operas. To a certain extent, it has cultivated the aesthetic psychology of urban and rural people in our country and made a positive contribution to the development of national aesthetic consciousness.