Yangko (Fushun local Yangko)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Yangko (Fushun Yangko)

Applicant: Fushun City, Liaoning Province

Project No.: 105

Project No.: Ⅲ - 2

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Liaoning Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Fushun City, Liaoning Province

Protection unit: Fushun Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

Introduction to Yangko (Fushun local Yangko)

Applicant: Fushun City, Liaoning Province

Yangko is a kind of popular and representative folk dance in China (mainly in the North). There are different appellations and styles in different regions. In the folk, the appellation of Yangko can be divided into two kinds: those who walk on stilts are called "stilt Yangko", while those who don't walk on stilts are called "ground Yangko". In modern times, "Yangko" mostly refers to "diyangko". Yangko has a long history. Among the folk dance teams introduced by Zhou Mi in old stories of Wulin in the Southern Song Dynasty, there is a record of "cuntian music". In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Xilin's new year's miscellaneous chants, there is a clear record of the relationship between the existing Yangko and "cuntian music" in the Song Dynasty. At present, yangko dance teams are the main form of yangko dance in various places. The number of dance teams is less than ten, and more than 100. There are not only group dance, but also duet dance, three person dance and other forms of performance. According to the needs of the characters, they hold the corresponding handkerchief, umbrella, stick, drum, money whip and other props, and dance heartily with the accompaniment of percussion instruments such as gongs and drums, suona and so on. The dance methods, movements and styles of Yangko vary from place to place. Some of them are powerful and powerful, while others are soft and beautiful.

Yangko is one of the most representative folk dances in northern China. It is not only performing, but also entertaining. It is deeply loved by the common people. There have been some representative folk Yangko artists all over the country, and many folk artists have played an important role in the construction of new China's dance industry. With the rapid development of rural economy and the change of cultural environment, there are few folk artists who can master the traditional Yangko skills and pure dance style, so the protection and inheritance work needs to be carried out urgently.

Fushun Yangko, sometimes known as "tartar Yangko", is a form of folk dance with a long history and strong national, folk and regional characteristics. It is mainly spread around the birthplace of Manchu in Fushun, Liaoning Province. Fushun Yangko was formed in the early Qing Dynasty and has been handed down till now. It has a direct relationship with the folk dance of Manchu ancestors. According to historical records, the Tang Dynasty has been known as "tap hammer" dance, Ming Dynasty has been known as "mang style" song and dance, they have a certain impact on the formation of Fushun Yangko.

The most representative figures in Fushun's Yangko are "tartar officer" dressed in flag dress and "kelitu" (commonly known as "outer tartar") who only wears fur coat, cross bell and various living and hunting equipment. Most of the performances come from the primitive production and life of Manchu such as horse jumping, archery and fighting. Some of them imitate the movements of eagle, tiger and bear, and most of them have elements of traditional dance. The squatting, stamping, panning, swinging, shaking and other postures of Yangko are rich, vigorous and unconstrained, which have distinctive characteristics of fishing and hunting life and eight banners fighting life. Its accompaniment music borrows the percussion form of Manchu shaman Tiaoshen, including "laosandian", "Qibang" and "fast drum", which is quite different from Han Yangko. Fushun Yangko has been popular in Fushun area since the Qing Dynasty, which is deeply loved by the masses. According to a survey conducted in 1986, there are 50 Yangko troupes at the time of fashion. However, there are only four Yangko troupes with clear origins and inheritors.

Fushun Yangko has been popular among the people for a long time. Due to the change of environment and the decrease of the number of old artists, it is difficult to carry out the regular Fushun Yangko activities, and the performing movements are gradually simplified, which is on the verge of extinction and needs great support.