Oroqen folk song (Oroqen zandaren)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Oroqen folk song (Oroqen zandaren)

Declaration area or unit: Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Item No.: 606

Project No.: Ⅱ - 107

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Declaration area or unit: Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Protected by: cultural center of Olunchun Autonomous Banner

Brief introduction of Oroqen folk song (zandaren of Oroqen nationality)

Declaration area or unit: Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

The Oroqen people are mainly distributed in the Oroqen Autonomous Banner and butha banner of Hulunbuir League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the counties of huma, Xunke, Huihui and Jiayin in Heilongjiang Province. The tunes and styles of the Oroqen folk songs are very diverse, and they often improvise and sing along with the composition. These folk songs are mainly composed of "zandaren", which is the melody of folk songs. They are high pitched, mellow and slightly trill. The singing methods of zandaren include duet, duet, solo, chorus and so on. The singing is often mixed with such lining words as "nayiye" and "hinaye", which sounds melodious, tactful and touching.

The Oroqen nationality is one of the ethnic groups with a small population in China. Zandaren is the Oroqen language, which means "folk song". It is the main singing art form of Oroqen people, and also the medium of communication in Oroqen's hunting life. Zandaren of the Oroqen nationality has a long history, which is mainly distributed in the Oroqen Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia and in feihui, huma and Xunke counties of Heilongjiang Province.

The structure of zandaren is simple and the content is rich. Its melody is mainly composed of the five tone scale of Yu, Gong and Zheng, with few words, long tune, free rhythm, high and vigorous melody, melodious and ups and downs, showing a strong hunting national cultural characteristics.

Most of the Oroqen folk songs are improvised, or they use relatively fixed tunes to fill in words temporarily according to the situation. Some tunes have no lyrics, and singers often use fixed lining words and function words such as "nayiye", "ehulan", "dehulan" and "hemohama" to match the music. Because of the strong improvisation and randomness of the lyrics, it is easier to rhyme and sing catchy, so it is popular among the local people. Zandaren's representative works include don't get drunk, I grew up in Xing'an Mountains, hunting to see me off, why don't you love me and so on.

The oral zandaren of the Oroqen people from generation to generation makes up for the lack of written history of the Oroqen people. It presents the social life of the Oroqen people in the primitive hunting age in an artistic way, and provides valuable information for the study of ethnology, folklore, anthropology, ethnic religion, folk art and other aspects. At present, the transformation of the production and life style of the Oroqen nationality has greatly restricted the inheritance and development of zanrenda. If the protection is not strengthened in time, this precious national art is likely to be lost.