Mashan folk song

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Mashan folk song

Applicant: Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province

Item No.: 580

Project No.: Ⅱ - 81

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Hubei Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province

Protection unit: Jingzhou Cultural Center (Jingzhou intangible cultural heritage protection center, Jingzhou Chu opera inheritance Center)

Introduction to Mashan folk song:

Applicant: Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province

Mashan folk songs are mainly spread in Mashan town in the northwest of Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, and radiate to the surrounding villages and towns such as Jinan, Jiudian, Chuandian, Libu, baling, guanyinlong, Mishi, and the border area with Jingmen City, Yicheng city, Dangyang city and Zhijiang county.

Jingzhou Mashan folk song has a long history and is the relic of ancient folk song yingzhongtian song. During the Warring States period, when King Xiang of Chu was in power, Song Yu's "asking the king of Chu" briefly described yingzhongtian's songs in the words of "the guest has a song in Yingzhong, which was first called Xiali and Ba Ren, and there were hundreds of people in the middle of the country". Later, there were records about the spread of yingzhongtian songs in Tang, song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since ancient times, Mashan has been dominated by rice farming, resulting in a large number of field songs, which formed the custom of singing when planting seedlings, pulling grass, harvesting and fighting. In these field songs, the "five sentence song" and all kinds of "wearing sentences" which lead the masses have regional characteristics, which are in the same line as the "Yangge" and "yingzhongtian song" recorded in historical records.

Mashan folk songs are of various categories, beautiful tunes, unique style and wide content, most of which are about love. Among the 142 folk songs collected, there are more than 70 Tian songs, accounting for more than 50%. In addition, there are Haozi, Xiaodiao, dengge, children's songs, folk songs and primitive religious songs. The "five sentence song" in Tian Ge can be divided into "shouwuju", "chuanwuju" and "quwuju". The basic melody is similar, but the structure of the melody is quite different. The most popular tunes, such as "trumpet tune", "hander tune", "bang tune", "Ding tune", "Tiantian tune", "toad tune" and "oho tune", all adopt the structural form of leading the masses and combining the main sentence with the penetrating sentence (lining words and sentences), showing unique artistic value and being an important object of ethnomusicology research.

The melody of Mashan folk songs is very strong. Most of the tunes are developed from the change of "5, 1 and 2". When singing, drum, Gong, cymbal, small gong and suona are used as accompaniment instruments. After the founding of new China, erhu, Yangqin, Pipa and bamboo flute are added to the stage. Due to various reasons, Jingzhou Mashan folk songs are now in an endangered state, so it is urgent to rescue and protect them.