Suona Art (advocated in northern Shanxi)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: suona Art (advocated in northern Shanxi)

Applicant: Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province

Item No.: 68

Project No.: Ⅱ - 37

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Shanxi Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province

Protection unit: Xinfu District Cultural Center, Xinzhou City

Suona Art (preaching in northern Shanxi)

Applicant: Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province

Suona is a transliteration of "surna" in Arabic. It was widely spread in many countries in Asia, Africa and Europe, and was introduced to China not later than the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In Chinese folk, it also has copper flute, tin flute, pear flower, sea flute and other names. In addition, the small suona used in Fujian Nanqu performance is called "Aizai" or "Nanai"; the suona used in Puxian opera accompaniment is called "Meihua" or "chubian", and the larger one is called "Dalong" or "Dahai Flute"; the all wood suona of Uygur nationality is called "surnai"; the suona of Tibetan, Miao, Mongolian, Korean and other nationalities also have different shapes.

Suona is composed of whistle, core, air disc, rod, copper bowl and other parts. It is arranged in order according to the seven sound levels according to the sound holes. The distance between each hole is basically equal. It can flip the seven tones, and the range is generally two octaves plus two degrees. Suona has many kinds of playing skills, such as glide, vomit, air arch, air top, purr, circulation (continuous blowing for a long time) and so on. It is a kind of solo instrument with strong expressive force.

Suona is one of the indispensable musical instruments in the percussion band. In ancient times, besides playing military music, it was also used for the accompaniment of Yamen drum blowing, opera, song and dance, etc. in folk daily life, it was mostly used for festivals, weddings and funerals, and drama scenes.

Preaching in northern Shanxi is a kind of folk instrumental ensemble, which is popular in Datong and Xinzhou areas of Shanxi Province. It is mainly used in festivals, ceremonies, weddings, funerals and other folk activities. It originated from the popular music in the North during the yuan and Ming Dynasties, developed and formed in the Ming Dynasty, and flourished in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It has a history of more than 600 years.

North Shanxi's drumming is based on the "eight tone meeting class". Generally, there are one leader and 10 trumpeters. The instruments used include Guanzi, suona, harmonica, Sheng, Haidi, Xiaogong, cymbal, Banzi, drum, Bangzi, huqin, Sanxian, etc. suona is the main instrument, drum, gongs, cymbals, etc. to set off the atmosphere. The main and auxiliary instruments are matched and echo each other, and the overall momentum is quite magnificent . Most of the tunes advocated in northern Shanxi originate from folk songs, folk instrumental music, opera tunes and religious music. It mainly plays "badatao", "daddeshengtao" and other deck music. Its representative repertoire includes "general order", "shuilongyin", "baiheyan", "dayanliao", "shangqiaolou", "dabamen", "liuheyin", "xiaoyanluo" and so on. The famous Wutai Bada set has eight Qupai, a total of about 65 tracks; Xinzhou Bayin mainly played the popular music before the middle of the Qing Dynasty, until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, it began to imitate and play, and the performance content was greatly enriched.

It is the crystallization of Chinese history and culture and Shanxi regional culture that northern Shanxi advocates the combination of tranquility and tranquility of temple music, vigorous and stirring of Guansai spirit, unrestrained and high pitched nomadic art and harmonious and profound farming civilization. The traditional gongchi notation is used in the eight sets of northern Shanxi drum music, and each set has a matching legend, which provides rich information for the study of the connotation and origin of Chinese wind music. Due to the influence of social change, northern Shanxi advocates that at present, most of the artists play modern repertoire and regional opera music, and few of them master eight sets of traditional repertoire. Therefore, it is urgent to take effective protection measures.