Suona Art (Tangshan flower blowing)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: suona Art

Applicant: Caofeidian District, Hebei Province

Item No.: 68

Project No.: Ⅱ - 37

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region:

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Caofeidian District, Hebei Province

Protection unit: cultural center of Caofeidian District, Tangshan City

Introduction to suona Art (Tangshan flower blowing)

Applicant: Caofeidian District, Hebei Province

Suona is a transliteration of "surna" in Arabic. It was widely spread in many countries in Asia, Africa and Europe, and was introduced to China not later than the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In Chinese folk, it also has copper flute, tin flute, pear flower, sea flute and other names. In addition, the small suona used in Fujian Nanqu performance is called "Aizai" or "Nanai"; the suona used in Puxian opera accompaniment is called "Meihua" or "chubian", and the larger one is called "Dalong" or "Dahai Flute"; the all wood suona of Uygur nationality is called "surnai"; the suona of Tibetan, Miao, Mongolian, Korean and other nationalities also have different shapes.

Suona is composed of whistle, core, air disc, rod, copper bowl and other parts. It is arranged in order according to the seven sound levels according to the sound holes. The distance between each hole is basically equal. It can flip the seven tones, and the range is generally two octaves plus two degrees. Suona has many kinds of playing skills, such as glide, vomit, air arch, air top, purr, circulation (continuous blowing for a long time) and so on. It is a kind of solo instrument with strong expressive force.

Suona is one of the indispensable musical instruments in the percussion band. In ancient times, besides playing military music, it was also used for the accompaniment of Yamen drum blowing, opera, song and dance, etc. in folk daily life, it was mostly used for festivals, weddings and funerals, and drama scenes.

Tangshan flower blowing, which is popular in Tangshan area of Hebei Province, is a kind of music developed on the basis of traditional drumming music. It takes musical instruments as the carrier and integrates performance and performance. It was formed in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 100 years. It is mostly performed in folk activities such as weddings and funerals, market opening, festivals, temple fairs and Yangko, and is deeply loved by the people.

Tangshan flower blowing is loud, crisp and penetrating. Huachui is composed of two big trumpets (one foot and one inch long), a drum and a pair of cymbals. The trumpet is the main instrument, while the drum and cymbal are the accompaniment instruments. Trumpet performance generally adopts the circulation method of mouth spitting and nose sucking. The performance skills mainly include reverse wrist, point, gouging, positive and negative rubbing, single and double handspring, reverse pole, bowl picking, huhaka, positive and negative rotating bowl, bowl throwing, push-pull bowl, bowl set, horizontal purr, positive and negative turning, horizontal turning, mouth tune card, nose blowing card, etc. Flower playing skills of drum and cymbal are also very rich. Flower playing skills of drum include single point, double point, drumming point, artist's direction, single and double shoulder, shoulder shaking, front point and back seat, front and back double poke, wrist turning, single and double turn, single double circle, click hit, bump hit, cushion hit, twist hit, yin and Yang hit, cross hit, double-click, imitation of military drum, rising tone hit and so on. Flower playing skills of cymbal include positive and negative hit, circling It can be divided into three types: hit, point hit, edge hit, rub hit, open hit, stuffy hit, back hit, leg hit, head hit and so on. Flower blowing has the artistic characteristics of flexible and interesting performance.

Tangshan flower blowing is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of folk artists, is an important variety of North China drum music, has important value in traditional music and local culture research. In the long-term development process, Tangshan flower blowing has formed many representative repertoire, mainly including "full house", "big girl love", "La Yang Pian", "Xiu De Le" and so on. At present, there are only a few artists who can master Tangshan flower blowing. Under the strong impact of foreign strong culture, the traditional living environment of Huachuan in Tangshan has changed a lot. Facing the situation of broken inheritance and lack of successors, the rescue and protection work is imminent.