Guqin art (Guangling school)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Guqin art (Guangling Qin school)

Applicant: Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Project No.: 65

Project No.: Ⅱ - 34

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Jiangsu Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Protection unit: Yangzhou Cultural Center

Introduction to Guqin art (Guangling Qin school)

Applicant: Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Guqin, also known as "Qin", "Qixian Qin", also known as "Lvqi", "Sitong", is a kind of flat stringed musical instrument. Guqin art is the oldest, the highest level of art in Chinese history, and the most national spirit, aesthetic taste and traditional artistic characteristics of instrumental music performance form, in addition to solo, also includes singing and playing both Qin song and Qin Xiao ensemble. According to the archaeological data, the shape of Guqin was complete in Han Dynasty. Through the creative development of daiqin people and literati, Guqin art has become more and more mature and perfect. It is closely related to social life, history, philosophy and literature. It has made great achievements in the accumulation of repertoire, playing skills, temperament, inheritance methods and Guqin technology, showing rich humanistic connotation.

Guangling Guqin school is one of the important schools of Chinese Guqin art, which mainly spread in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. The origin of this school can be traced back to the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, and its regional style and school characteristics gradually revealed in the Tang and Song dynasties. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Xu Changyu, the great master of guqin, compiled the chengjiantang Qinpu, which marks the maturity of Guangling qinpai. "The ancient people have never done enough to explore its fingering techniques. Scholars regard it as Guangling qinpai, and call it together with the familiar qinpai.". In 1932, sun shaotao, Zhang Ziqian, Liu Shaochun, Hu Zifu and other musicians of Guangling officially established the Guangling Qin society, which made the Guangling Qin school appear in front of the world as a group.

Guangling school's zither players consistently maintain the inherent artistic characteristics of the school. They take "easy and smooth, noble and pure, quiet and strange, mild, moderate and quick" as the artistic standard, advocate "light and distant", and pursue the taste of "free and easy". Their performance stresses "heavy but not empty, light but not despicable, fast but not fast, slow but not relaxed, if chanting or kneading, round but not obstructed, and graceful" Note: fixed or extended, line back and forth twists and turns, sparse and dense, cadence ups and downs, broken and multiple. The music of Guangling school not only has the vigorous spirit of the north school, but also has the soft feeling of the south school. Fisherman's song, woodcutter's song, Zhaojun, longxiangcao and meihuasannong are the representative repertoire with unique characteristics.

The Guqin art of Guangling school has been handed down for hundreds of years. In 1984, the Guqin Club of Guangling resumed its long interrupted Guqin activities. In addition to organizing a gathering of Guqin players every year, it also exchanged Guqin skills with brother Guqin club to perform for Chinese and foreign guests, and achieved good social repercussions. However, restricted by the impact of foreign culture and the artistic form of guqin, it is difficult for Guqin art of Guangling school to adapt to the trend of professionalization and specialization of modern music teaching, and it is also difficult to seek the way of survival through market economy and other means. The relevant parties should formulate practical protection measures as soon as possible to save and revitalize this ancient national art.