Firing technique of Jianyao Jianzhan

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Jianyao Jianzhan firing technique

Applicant: Nanping City, Fujian Province

Item No.: 1168

Project No.: VIII - 188

Time of publication: 2011 (the third batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Fujian Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Nanping City, Fujian Province

Protection unit: Xingchen Tianmu Ceramic Research Institute, Nanping City, Fujian Province

Brief introduction of Jianyao Jianzhan firing technology:

Applicant: Nanping City, Fujian Province

Jianyao is one of the eight famous kilns in Song Dynasty. Jianyao Jianzhan is an outstanding representative of black glazed porcelain in ancient China. Jianyao Jianzhan in Song Dynasty was a rare tea vessel for royal family to drink and fight tea.

Huizong of the Song Dynasty said in the Grand View of tea: "the color of the lamp is precious, and the color of the jade is the best." In the Southern Song Dynasty, Japanese monks who came to study in China once brought this kind of porcelain to Japan from Tianmu Mountain and called it "Tianmu", so people used to call black glazed porcelain "Tianmu porcelain". Due to historical changes, the firing technology of Jianzhan (Tianmu porcelain) has been lost for more than 800 years. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Jianyao Jianzhan, an excellent traditional handicraft, has been widely concerned by academic circles at home and abroad.

In the 1970s, Fujian Province began to implement the practice of restoring Jianyao Jianzhan firing technology. In the early 1990s, Nanping Xingchen Tianmu Ceramic Research Institute developed and restored traditional crafts such as rabbit hair, oil drop, rainbow, golden color characters, oil drop wood leaf, etc. On this basis, after tens of thousands of green glaze formula debugging and thousands of firing process improvement, the firing skills of Yaobian, yaoxingzhan and haobian in Song Dynasty were restored, which indicates that the firing skills of Jianyao Jianzhan have been fully restored. The main technological process of Jianzhan is as follows: 1. Raw material processing (including blank and glaze); 2. Blank drawing; 3. Glazing; 4. Firing.

The glaze color of Jianyao and Jianzhan can be divided into five types: black glaze, rabbit hair glaze, partridge spot glaze, hair changing glaze and variegated glaze. Jianyao Jianzhan is usually a tea vessel. Because of its big mouth, deep bottom, thin edge, thick bottom, thick fetal bone and loose fetal quality, it has good heat preservation and heat insulation properties when it is used to make tea. Jianyao Jianzhan also has a small number of Gaozu cup, lamp, pot, bottle and so on.