Mongolian Long Tune folk songs

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Mongolian Changdiao folk songs

Declaration area or unit: hebukesaer Mongolian Autonomous County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Item No.: 34

Project No.: Ⅱ - 3

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Type: Extension Project

Declaration area or unit: hebukesaer Mongolian Autonomous County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Protection unit: Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center of hebukeser Mongolia Autonomous County

Introduction to Mongolian Long Tune folk songs:

Declaration area or unit: hebukesaer Mongolian Autonomous County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Changdiao is a free translation of "Wuri Tingduo" in Mongolian. It is a folk song created by nomadic people in northern grassland in animal husbandry production. It is sung in field grazing and traditional festivals. Long tune plays an important role in Mongolian social life. It can be heard in traditional social and religious festivals such as Nadam convention, wedding, housewarming and baby birth celebration. The Mongolian Long Tune folk songs in Xinjiang are mainly distributed in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and hebukesaer Mongolian Autonomous County.

Changdiao has a long history. More than 1000 years ago, the Mongolian ancestors migrated to the Mongolian Plateau, and the mode of production changed from hunting to animal husbandry. This artistic style embodies the characteristics of Mongolian nomadic culture, closely linked with Mongolian language, literature, history, religion, customs, world outlook, ecological outlook and outlook on life, and runs through Mongolian social life.

The melody is very decorative (such as front leaning sound, back leaning sound, glide sound, echo sound, etc.), especially the singing style of "nogula" (Mongolian phonetic translation, inflection sound or decorative sound) is the most characteristic. Long tune folk songs are generally two sentences, the uneven long and short sentences keep dynamic balance with their unique rhythm, which contains rich changes in tone and rhythm. According to the content, the basic types of long tune include pastoral songs, homesickness songs, praise songs, labor songs, ritual songs, history songs, current political songs, banquet songs (also known as "wine songs") and so on.

Long tune folk songs have high research value and are important research objects of anthropology, ethnology, musicology and other disciplines. The protection of Mongolian Long Tune folk songs is of great significance to the inheritance of Mongolian grassland civilization. With the development of modernization and urbanization, Mongolian Changdiao folk songs have been strongly impacted. At present, there are only a few artists who can sing. Many of them are old, and the inheritance and development of Changdiao is facing crisis. It has become an urgent task to rescue and protect this cultural heritage.