Wool spinning and rolling technology (Tibetan cattle wool knitting technology)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: wool spinning and rolling skills (Tibetan cattle wool weaving skills)

Applicant: Seda County, Sichuan Province

Project No.: 884

Project No.: VIII - 101

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Sichuan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Seda County, Sichuan Province

Protection unit: Seda County Cultural Center

Introduction to wool spinning and rolling technology (Tibetan cattle wool knitting technology)

Applicant: Seda County, Sichuan Province

The rolling technology of wool spinning is a special weaving technology. It first soaks wool and camel hair with hot water, then extrudes them, and then uses sticks to grind and rub them together to form a non-woven wool fabric called "felt". Felt was called "or" in ancient times. As early as the Neolithic age, the technology of rolling felt with stick has been used in China. According to the historical records of the Zhou Dynasty: felt, wool, rubbing wool or felt. In the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534), Jia Sixie's Qi Min Yao Shu said: "it is not necessary to make thick felt, but it is better to make it tight and thin." It can be seen that the manufacture of felt was common at that time. In the Tang Dynasty, the use of felt became more common. The saddle felt in Yuanzhou (now Gu County in Ningxia), Lingzhou (now Lingwu County in Ningxia), ningzhou (now Ning County in Gansu) and Fengzhou (now Wuyuan County in Inner Mongolia) were well-known in Northwest China. According to the records of the new Tang Dynasty, the Tubo state (located on today's Qinghai Tibet Plateau) was also famous for its red felt and xiafelt, and paid tribute to Chang'an. At present, the main producing areas of felt are concentrated in Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and other northwest minority areas. According to the use, it can be divided into many varieties, including Kang felt, cushion felt, prayer felt, inner felt (surrounded by inner wall of yurt, etc.), outer felt (surrounded by outer wall), colored felt (rolled with colored wool), embroidered felt (decorated with embroidery), cut felt (according to felt) On the color pattern outline cut into a body shape), stove felt (placed next to the stove), etc. Felt can also be used for sewing satchels, girdles, sundry bags, etc. it is an indispensable necessity in the daily life of northwest ethnic minorities.

Tibetan cattle wool weaving technology is the product of the grassland specific ecological environment. From ancient times, this technology and its products have been accompanied by grassland herdsmen and become an important part of their history and culture. For thousands of years, Tibetan herdsmen in Seda County of Sichuan Province have been able to weave cattle and wool from daily necessities to clothing and living tents. Seda County cashmere fabric is made of yak, sheep, Tibetan goat and other cattle wool by textile and rolling technology. It is not only heat preservation and moisture-proof, but also durable, with the characteristics of Qinghai Tibet Plateau.