Tibetan Thangka (miansa painting school)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Tibetan Thangka (miansa painting school)

Applicant: Tibet Autonomous Region

Project No.: 313

Project No.: Ⅶ - 14

Time of publication: 2011 (the third batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Tibet Autonomous Region

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Tibet Autonomous Region

Protection unit: Tibet Thangka Painting Academy

Introduction to Tibetan Thangka (miansa School of painting)

Applicant: Tibet Autonomous Region

The Tibetan Tangka miansa sect, also known as the new Miantang sect, is also known as "zangchi" in ancient Tibetan books and among the people. "Zangchi" refers to the Xigaze area in Tibet, and "Chi" is the school of painting. Miansa painting school is said to have emerged in the middle of the 17th century, mainly distributed in Xigaze city and its surrounding areas.

In history, the Tibetan Tangka miansa sect once spread to Lhasa, Shannan, Changdu and other places. At its peak, there were more than 1000 painting workshops. The founder of Mian SA school is Zhu Guqu yingjiacuo, the portable painter of the fourth Panchen master. On the basis of Mian Tang School, he absorbed more of the modeling, layout and techniques of characters, landscapes and pavilions in fine brushwork painting, and added a lot of individual painting elements. His paintings, crafts, sculptures and other works are mostly hidden in Potala Palace, tashilumbu temple, Xialu temple and other famous palaces and temples.

The Thangka of miansa school has rigorous composition, bright colors, rich line changes, and meticulous drawing, especially in the aspect of character expression. Compared with the traditional block performance, the school pays special attention to the use of lines. The lines are neat and smooth, the colors are lively and bright, and the changes are rich. The subject matter of performance is very wide, including the image of guru, Buddha, Buddha, Bodhisattva, Dharma protector, biography, history, medicine, folk custom and so on. It is of great value to the study of Tibetan history, culture, fine arts and religion.

The art of Thangka miansa school originated in the 17th century. It had matured and entered a prosperous period in the 19th century. Through decades of hard work of the famous painting masters gaqin, lausanpingcuo, Dawa, Dunzhu and Arden, it cultivated young miansa successors such as robusta.

In recent years, due to social changes, the death of old painters, and the impact of foreign culture, the art of miansa School of Tibetan traditional painting has been greatly impacted, and the traditional art is facing the danger of extinction.