Mianzhu woodcut New Year pictures

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Mianzhu woodblock New Year pictures

Applicant: Deyang City, Sichuan Province

Project No.: 310

Project No.: Ⅶ - 11

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Sichuan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Deyang City, Sichuan Province

Protected by: Mianzhu New Year pictures Museum

Mianzhu woodcut New Year pictures

Applicant: Deyang City, Sichuan Province

Mianzhu City is located in the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin, rich in bamboo, of which the most famous Mianzhu is a good material for papermaking. Mianzhu woodcut New Year art is mainly distributed in Jiannan town and Gongxing Town, Qingdao town, Xinshi Town, Xiaode town in the north of Mianzhu City.

The middle section of Longmen Mountain in Mianzhu is connected with the north of Chengdu Plain. Chengdu has been the center of woodblock printing in China since Tang Dynasty. Influenced by it, Mianzhu has been producing woodblock New Year pictures in Song Dynasty. According to the oral information, during the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty, Mianzhu had more than 900 employees engaged in New Year's paintings, more than 300 workshops of different sizes, with an annual output of more than 12 million new year's paintings, including door paintings, Doufang, Pingtang, zatiao, rubbings and cases, which were exported to Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Qinghai Tibet, Hunan and Sichuan provinces. In addition to the traditional door god paintings, the themes of Mianzhu woodcut New Year pictures also involve drama stories, landscape flowers and birds, scenery documentary, auspicious patterns and so on. There is a professional division of labor in the production of New Year pictures in Mianzhu. In the urban area, rubbings, miscellaneous strips, duels, cases and door paintings are emphasized; in Qingdao Township, colorful clear water robes are emphasized; in Zundao Township, beauties and baby plays are emphasized, and so on. When Mianzhu woodcut New Year pictures flourished, Fuxi society, a guild organization, appeared to spontaneously evaluate the New Year pictures. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mianzhu woodblock New Year pictures began to decline, and then gradually declined, with many people quitting.

Mianzhu woodcut New Year pictures are closely related to local customs. There are many rules to stick them up, which can't be violated. The images in the painting also have different symbols and interpretations, which are reflected or presented in various folk rituals together with the images. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in addition to the god Buddha theme, a large number of opera themes appeared in Mianzhu woodcut New Year pictures. The painters of Mianzhu drew new year pictures according to the Sichuan Opera repertoire, and created works such as "white dog fighting for Phoenix" and "five sons telling their mother". From the perspective of genre, Mianzhu woodblock New Year pictures can be divided into "red goods" and "black goods." red goods "refer to painted New Year pictures, and" black goods "refer to woodblock rubbings printed with ink or cinnabar.

The production of Mianzhu woodblock New Year pictures includes drafting, engraving, inking, coloring and flower covering. Its artistic characteristics are as follows: first, hand-painted, different hand-painted effects on the same version; second, symmetrical composition; third, the use of hue and chroma contrast, especially the use of gold (such as gold, heap gold, gold). But comparatively speaking, the most distinctive feature is "water filling feet" (a pattern painted with residual paint).

After Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Mianzhu woodblock New Year pictures produced famous masters, who never stopped. Now the main inheritors of this art are Li fangfu, Chen xingcai and so on. After the 1950s, Mianzhu woodblock New Year pictures suffered a devastating blow in many political movements. Many inheritors were deprived of the right of painting, and the ancient version was also destroyed. In the past 20 years, although the production and production of New Year pictures have recovered, the market has begun to shrink. Therefore, some inheritors have sold plates and destroyed pens and no longer engaged in the production of New Year pictures.