Enshi Yangqin

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Enshi Yangqin

Applicant: Enshi City, Hubei Province

Item No.: 767

Project No.: V - 74

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Hubei Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Enshi City, Hubei Province

Protection unit: Enshi intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance Exhibition Center

Introduction to Enshi Yangqin

Applicant: Enshi City, Hubei Province

Enshi Yangqin, also known as "Enshi Sixian", is widely popular in Enshi City, Hubei Province, and in Lichuan, Xianfeng, Laifeng, Xuanen and other surrounding counties and cities. It was formed in the Tongzhi and Guangxu years of the Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 150 years.

Enshi Yangqin performance is composed of Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, Chou and so on. When the performance content reaches the climax or comes to the end, it is accompanied by Zhonghe caiqiang. Yangqin is the main accompaniment instrument in the whole performance, and wanqin is the color instrument. Together with erhu, Sanxian, Yueqin, Jinghu, Gu and chi, it is called "Bayin". When playing, dulcimer takes the lead, and other instruments surround. The accompaniment of musical instruments does not need to follow the tune strictly, but often adopts the method of complex tune and simple tune. Singing time point play, door duet. In addition to playing strictly according to the board and eyes, the drum and ruler should also be struck with different rhythms of light, heavy, slow and urgent according to the needs of the singing content. Yangqin music can be divided into four categories: banqiang Qupai, ballad Qupai, folk minor Qupai and instrumental Qupai.

Enshi Yangqin performance repertoire is rich and colorful, the text is concise and neat, the poem at the beginning and end of the work adopts the third person, and there are often rhymes in the dialogue and plot description. The basic structure of his performance script is relatively standard. At first, four sentences are used to point out the theme, and four sentences are used to introduce the content. Then, he uses narration to enter the role narrative, uses lyrics and dialogue to start the story, and finally ends with four sentences to point out the repertoire.

Enshi Yangqin art belongs to the relatively elegant culture of urban citizens. In history, there was no professional singing group. The performers only invited each other to sing among their families, or set up folk "Qin clubs" such as "Qingjiang Qin club", "Boya Qin club" and "Qin Yinhui" to exchange regularly and gather for singing. In this sense, Enshi Yangqin is not only the product of the fusion of foreign culture and local Tujia culture, but also the representative of folk elegant art, which has certain historical and cultural research value. However, this kind of music is now on the verge of danger, and there is no successor. It is in urgent need of protection and inheritance.