Sanxianshu (Qinzhou sanxianshu)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: sanxianshu (Qinzhou sanxianshu)

Applicant: Qinxian County, Shanxi Province

Project No.: 757

Project No.: V - 64

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Shanxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Qinxian County, Shanxi Province

Protection unit: Qinxian Cultural Center

Introduction to sanxianshu (Qinzhou sanxianshu)

Applicant: Qinxian County, Shanxi Province

Sanxian book, also known as "Sanxian jiaozi book", is popular in Qinxian, Wuxiang, Qinyuan and Xiangyuan in Southeast Shanxi, Zuoquan and Yushe in Central Shanxi, Anze and Fushan in southern Shanxi, Nanyang and its surrounding areas. It was formed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 300 years.

Sanxian script was originally called "leg writing on blackboard" by the actors who tied the knot on their legs and played and sang with Sanxian in their arms. Later, it developed into one person holding a hinge and a octagonal drum to beat and sing, another person pedaling a clapper and playing a three string accompaniment, sometimes adding Sheng, Hu, Zheng and other accompaniment instruments. In the later stage of development, sanxianshu performance generally adopts standing singing mode, in which various performances are added. The actors sing and dance continuously, and the accompanist helps the situation, singing and harmonizing, full of interest.

The early performance of Qinzhou sanxianshu was accompanied by one person's rap, and at the same time, it was accompanied by Sanxian, BangBan and xiaonao. Later, a group performance was developed, in which one person was the main player and many people were the assistant. When singing, the people on the stage held Sanxian, Erba, fanerba, dizi, Sixian, erhu and other musical instruments, singing and playing at the same time. Among them, those who undertake the main tasks of rap performance need not only to play the Sanxian, but also to play the cymbal with their hands, tie their legs and break the board. Qinzhou sanxianshu's Aria belongs to banqiang style, which is composed of "Yuediao" and "pingdiao". "Yuediao" includes "pingdiao", "Duoban", "chanban" (also known as "zhanban") and "Waiban", etc. it is composed of six tunes. The melody is beautiful and is mainly used for talking and singing. Before the performance of Qinzhou sanxianshu, we usually play a piece of instrumental music, then recite four sentences of "Outline", then "qiban" or "Jiaoban", and finally turn to "Zhengshu" rap. Its traditional repertoire is mainly long, and a work is about 30 to 60 times, which can be performed continuously for one or two months.

At present, sanxianshu is declining in Shanxi, and there is no successor. It is urgent to take corresponding measures to rescue and protect it in time.