Tone

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Caidiao

Applicant: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Project No.: 220

Project No.: Ⅳ - 76

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Applicant: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Protected by: Guangxi Opera Theater

Introduction to color tone:

Applicant: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Caidiao is a kind of local opera formed by the combination of Liuzi opera in the north of Guangxi in the Qing Dynasty and local folk tune after it spread to the north of Guangxi. It is also called "Naho Hi" or "yiho Hi" because it is often used as a lining word in its singing. The color tunes are widely distributed, with different names. For example, Guilin, Liuzhou, Hechi and other areas are called "tiaozixi", "Caicha", "nahahai". Ningming and Baise in Zuojiang and Youjiang are called "dacaicha" and "hahai opera". Pingle and Lipu are called "shanhuadeng", "Caideng" and "Caicha opera". However, the most common names are "tiaozixi" and "Caicha opera". In 1955, it was named "Caidiao drama".

Caidiao aria belongs to Lianqu style, which can be divided into three categories: Banban, Qiang and Diao. Banban includes suiban, Waiban, scolding ban, youban, etc.; Diao includes Bigu tune, Zouma tune, etc. the tunes are divided into Xiaosheng tune, danjiao tune, clown tune, etc. according to the character's identity and occupation, Xianggong tune, huazi tune, etc. the tunes that show the body movements are carrying the burden tune, drinking tune, etc. In addition, some popular folk tunes, such as Huahua tune and October flower tune, are also absorbed in Caidiao. The music accompaniment of chromatic tone is divided into left field and right field. The left field is string music and the right field is percussion music. String music includes Diaohu (also known as Datong, similar to erhu), Yangqin, pipa, Sanxian, suona, dizi and other instruments, mainly playing Diaohu. Percussion gongs and drums are relatively simple, commonly used are three nods, one dragon, one cymbal, four cymbals and so on.

Most of the Caidiao plays take labor, love and family life as their themes, and a large number of oral and handwritten copies are popular among the people. Guiliu dialect is used in the performance, mainly in the singing and dancing forms of Xiaosheng, Xiaodan and clown (three small), among which the footwork, turning, appearance, Fanhua and handhua of clown and Dan are very distinctive, especially footwork. Deeply rooted among the rural people and closely combined with the local folk tunes, the tunes formed a performance style with humorous content and lively form. Fans, handkerchiefs and ribbons, known as the "three treasures" of the tunes, played an important role in the performance.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the color tune has developed rapidly, especially the performance of "Liu Sanjie" and other excellent dramas, which has expanded the influence of this kind of drama in the whole country. However, Guangxi Caidiao is now in a difficult situation because there is no performance market. Fewer and fewer people know and understand Caidiao. Hundreds of Caidiao troupes have been dissolved under the impact of market economy. Only a few professional troupes, such as Guangxi Caidiao troupe, Liuzhou Caidiao troupe and Guilin Caidiao troupe, are left. The number of amateur Caidiao troupes has dropped sharply and it is difficult to maintain . It is urgent to rescue and protect the tone.