Flat tone

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Dapingdiao

Applicant: Hua county, Henan Province

Item No.: 170

Project No.: Ⅳ - 26

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Henan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Hua county, Henan Province

Protection unit: Huaxian Daping Opera Troupe

Introduction to Dapingdiao

Applicant: Hua county, Henan Province

Dapingdiao, also known as pingdiao, Dabang opera and Dayou opera, is mainly popular in Northern Henan, Southern Hebei, Southwest Shandong, Eastern Henan and Northern Anhui. It originated in the middle of Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 500 years. The singing music of Dapingdiao belongs to the Bangzi system. It is called pingdiao or Dapingdiao because it is lower than Shandong Bangzi, Henan Bangzi and Hebei Bangzi. Its musical structure is mostly the same as that of Henan opera, and its artistic style is more rough and popular than that of Henan opera. The great pingdiao has a great influence in the vast area north of the Yellow River, and gradually formed three branches, namely east pingdiao, West pingdiao and Hedong pingdiao.

Dapingdiao has accumulated rich repertoire in the long-term development process. According to statistics, there are about 600 repertoires, and only 200 remain. Its contents are mainly based on the romance of the Three Kingdoms, outlaws of the marsh, romance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yang Jiajiang, and the case of Bao Gong. Most of them are black faced and red faced "paodai opera", while there are few folk life story plays, which are often performed There are such titles as xiagaoping, xiayanjing, xiajiangnan, fanyanghe, jinyangguan, fanxuzhou, shoujiangwei, baihuating, zhanluoyang, qinxianglian, qizhaowang, zhaogongming Xiashan, jinbianji, zhangfeigungu, sanchuanling, huolongzhen, etc.

The singing style of Dapingdiao is similar to that of Shandong Bangzi, but the real voice is usually used in its voice. However, in Adagio and guatoupin, the very high false voice is used at the end. The main accompaniment instruments are Daxian, Erxian, Sanxian, Dabang, tuba, etc. Black face and red face are the main characters in Dapingdiao, which form the important characteristics of drama. His performance is magnificent and grand. He pays equal attention to singing, doing, reading and playing. He is bold and unconstrained, and gentle in the middle of hard work.

Dapingdiao has important academic value in the research of Henan local music and opera history, which deserves attention. After the 1990s, with the decline of the drama market, Dapingdiao has also been impacted unprecedentedly. The audience is shrinking day by day. The survival and performance conditions of the troupe are poor, and there is a lack of follow-up talent. At present, this ancient drama is facing the danger of losing its heritage, and it is in urgent need of rescue.