Santaishan De'ang Township, Mangshi, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

De'ang township of Santai mountain

Santai mountain De'ang Nationality Township is the only De'ang Nationality Township in China. It is located in the middle of Mangshi, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is 22 kilometers away from the city government and on both sides of 320 national highway. It is an important transportation fortress leading to Ruili, Wanding and other national ports.

Regional overview

Santai mountain De'ang Nationality Township is the only De'ang Nationality Township in China. It is located in the middle of Mangshi, 22 kilometers away from the city government, on both sides of 320 national highway. It is an important transportation fortress leading to Ruili, Wanding and other national ports. The township has cultivated land area, with 4.77 mu of cultivated land per capita, including 4120 mu of paddy field, 26268 mu of dry land, 3606 mu of rotation land: 4751 hectares of woodland, 987.7 hectares of plantation, 1670.3 hectares of open woodland, 2301.8 hectares of barren hills, and the forest coverage rate is 59.1%. Santai mountain is located in the southwest of Mangshi, 22 kilometers away from Shifu, on both sides of 320 national highway. It borders Mengjia town and Fengping town in the East, Zhefang town in the south, wuchalu Township in the West and Xuangang Township in the north. The average altitude is more than 1400 meters. It has a subtropical low hilly climate, and the average annual temperature is about 16.9 ℃. For the border traffic barrier, the township government is located in zijiaoyuan pass. Santai mountain De'ang Nationality Township is the only De'ang Nationality Township in China. It is located in the middle of Mangshi, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is 22 kilometers away from the city government and on both sides of national highway 320. It is an important transportation fortress leading to Ruili, Wanding and other national ports. Santaishan Township governs 4 villager committees and 31 villager groups. In 2005, there were 6413 people in 1465 rural households, including 6364 people in 1461 agricultural households and 4211 people in labor force; 16 villager groups of De'ang Nationality, 3794 people in 858 households, accounting for 59.2% of the rural population; 8 villager groups of Han nationality, 1474 people in 322 households, accounting for 23% of the rural population; 7 villager groups of Jingpo nationality, 2585 people 1145 households, accounting for 17.8% of the rural population. The township has 30388 mu of arable land, 4.77 mu of arable land per capita, including 4120 mu of paddy field, 26268 mu of dry land, 3606 mu of rotation land; 9710.8 ha of forest land, including 4751 ha of woodland, 987.7 ha of plantation, 1670.3 ha of sparse woodland, 2301.8 ha of barren mountain, and the forest coverage rate is 59.1%. In 2005, the rural economic income was 15.9319 million yuan, the per capita income was 2503 yuan, the total income of farmers was 5.7954 million yuan, the per capita net income was 911 yuan, the total grain output was 2288 tons, and the per capita ration was 304 kg. The township covers an area of 158 square kilometers, with a population density of 41.65 people per square kilometer. The terrain is complex and undulating. The slope is generally between 25 ° and 30 ° and it is located in the southwest of Mangshi. It belongs to the middle cutting mountainous area, with the highest altitude of 1473 meters and the lowest altitude of 800.5 meters. It is located between 98 ° 28 ′ 52 ″ - 98 ° 28 ′ 07 ″ E and 24 ° 14 ′ 30 ″ - 24 ° 24 ′ 05 ″ n. The climate type belongs to subtropical low heat hilly climate, with annual average temperature of 16.9 ℃, annual accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ of 6000 ℃, annual extreme maximum temperature of 31 ℃, extreme minimum temperature of 0-3 ℃, annual sunshine of 2000-4000 hours and annual rainfall of 1300-1700mm, which has rich resource advantages.

Historical evolution

Santai mountain De'ang township is the only De'ang Township in China. It is a mountainous area where De'ang, Jingpo and Han nationalities live together. The total population of the township is 6581, of which 3751 are De'ang, accounting for 57% of the total population of the township and 23% of the De'ang population. The De'ang Nationality, originally known as "benglong", applied for approval by the State Council according to the wishes of its own nationality and officially changed its name to "De'ang" Nationality in September 1985. In January 1988, with the approval of the Standing Committee of the provincial people's Congress, the "De'ang ethnic township of Santai mountain" was formally established.

Population nationality

Santaishan Township governs 4 villager committees and 31 villager groups. In 2005, there were 6413 people in 1465 rural households, including 6364 people in 1461 agricultural households and 4211 people in labor force; 16 villager groups of De'ang Nationality, 3794 people in 858 households, accounting for 59.2% of the rural population; 8 villager groups of Han nationality, 1474 people in 322 households, accounting for 23% of the rural population; 7 villager groups of Jingpo nationality, 2585 people 1145 households, accounting for 17.8% of the rural population.

administrative division

The township of De'ang Nationality in Santai mountain has four villagers' committees, including mengdan, chudonggua, Yunqian and bangwai, 31 natural villages and 34 villager groups. Among them, there are 19 villager groups of De'ang Nationality, 7 villager groups of Jingpo nationality and 8 villager groups of Han nationality.

physical geography

The township covers an area of 158 square kilometers, with a population density of 41.65 people per square kilometer. The terrain is complex and undulating. The slope is generally between 25 ° and 30 ° and it is located in the southwest of Mangshi. It belongs to the middle cutting mountainous area, with the highest altitude of 1473 meters and the lowest altitude of 800.5 meters. It is located between 98 ° 28 ′ 52 ″ - 98 ° 28 ′ 07 ″ E and 24 ° 14 ′ 30 ″ - 24 ° 24 ′ 05 ″ n. The climate type belongs to subtropical low heat hilly climate, with annual average temperature of 16.9 ℃, annual accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ of 6000 ℃, annual extreme maximum temperature of 31 ℃, extreme minimum temperature of 0-3 ℃, annual sunshine of 2000-4000 hours and annual rainfall of 1300-1700mm, which has rich resource advantages.

economic development

In 2009, the total income of rural economy was 36.9465 million yuan. Among them, the income from planting industry was 17.4709 million yuan, accounting for 57.12% of the total income; the income from animal husbandry was 10.3433 million yuan, accounting for 24.25% of the total income (including 1932 pigs and 623 beef cattle sold in the year), The income from forestry is 2.4289 million yuan, accounting for 5.21% of the total income; the income from the secondary and tertiary industries is 76.7 yuan, accounting for 2.5% of the total income; the wage income is 1.0222 million yuan, accounting for 3.33% of the total income. The per capita net income of farmers is 2202 yuan, and the farmers are mainly in planting and breeding. The income of migrant workers in the township is 1022200 yuan, of which 275 are migrant workers (accounting for 5.39% of the labor force), 249 are domestic workers in the province and 26 are foreign workers in the province.

road construction

In 2007, the 6 km long and 3.5 m wide Tanshi road construction of Donggua natural village was completed with a total investment of 1 million yuan, and the road maintenance from national highway 320 to mengdan Tanshi road and some villages were completed. At the end of the year, the total length of Tanshi road in the township was 48.2 km (including Tanshi road in the village group), and the cement road in the village group was 9.4 km.

ethnic customs

Santaishan township is located in the southwest of Luxi City, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture. It is the only De'ang Township in China. It has 4 administrative villages and 26 natural villages, with an altitude of 1136.75 meters. 1437 households, 6315 people. The per capita cultivated land area is 5.4 mu, and the per capita income is 749 yuan (2003). The De'ang Nationality is one of the minority nationalities in Yunnan with a long history. The traditional culture of Santaishan village is rich. The traditional dwellings of the De'ang Nationality are in the form of bamboo buildings (stilts), which are different from those of the Dai and Jingpo nationalities in shape. The top is very high and looks like "ZHUGE Liang's hat". It is said that Zhuge Liang gave a hat to a De'ang girl when he pacified nanzhong. In order to express the memory of Zhuge Liang, people built bamboo buildings in the shape of hats, and they continue to this day. The building has two staircases. One is located in front of the main entrance, with a sun terrace for drying clothes or grain. All relatives and friends visit from here. The other is located in the back door, which can lead to the vegetable field or the pestle house. When young people "string girls", they usually go through this door. Huotang is regarded as the symbol of the family and the patron saint of the prosperity of people and animals in the family by the De'ang people. The different positions of Huotang are also regarded as the symbols of the different status of the family members. tea planting of the De'ang Nationality has a long history, and the ancient song "Dagu darenglebiao" reflects the original relationship between the De'ang Nationality and tea. Since ancient times, tea has played a unique role in the daily life, social etiquette, conflict resolution and disease treatment of De'ang people. Every family of the De'ang Nationality in Santai mountain is good at weaving various utensils with bamboo. Women weave their own cloth, skirt, handkerchief, leg binding, Baotou, etc. Women's dress of De'ang is usually of double breasted, tight sleeves, waist level, mostly in Navy and black, with two red cloth inlaid on both sides of the skirt. Its distinctive feature is that the collar and hem decoration is more elegant, some have reverse collar about 10 cm, collar edge sewing with various colors of small balls, hem part with lace or embroidery, skirt has two rows of embossed silver and silver bubble, from the shoulder to the hem decoration. This kind of clothes are usually worn in festive activities, but the clothes are relatively simple and there are not many decorations. In De'ang language, the skirt is called "Gran", which is a hand-made fabric made of cotton thread. The skirt is long, with the upper part wrapped around the chest and the lower part covering the ankle bone. The color is mostly red and black, and the horizontal bars are pressed against each other. Most of the clothing differences of the four branches of De'ang Nationality are reflected in the skirt, but the common feature is the color horizontal stripes. Waist hoop called "bag", with rattan, bamboo or grass woven, wear in the bag