Xinduqiao Town, Kangding City, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Xinduqiao town

This data is reviewed by the project of data compilation and application of Science Encyclopedia of science popularization in China.

Xinduqiao town is located 75 km to the west of the county. The people's Government of Xinduqiao town is located at No. 342, Xinduqiao Street (formerly yingguan District Office), 30 ° 04 ′ n, 101 ° 29 ′ e, 3460 m above sea level. It has a mountain cold temperate climate with an average temperature of 12 ℃ ~ 14 ℃ in July. It has jurisdiction over 13 administrative villages and 1 neighborhood committee. As one of the five small towns in the county, it is the pillar town for the county to develop the economy of Zhexi area. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Zhexi region.

On December 23, 2019, Sichuan Provincial People's Government approved Ganzi Prefecture to adjust the administrative divisions of some towns and townships in six counties (cities), including Kangding city (cfzm [2019] No. 25): Waze township was abolished and its administrative area was put under the jurisdiction of Xinduqiao Town, and Xinduqiao town renzhengfa was located at No. 342, Xinduqiao street.

General situation

Xinduqiao town is a town under the jurisdiction of Kangding City, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is located in the west of the city, 76.3km away from the urban area. It covers an area of 463 square kilometers and has a population of 8638 (the fifth national census in 2017). National Highway 318, 317 transit. There are 13 village committees under the jurisdiction of Xinduqiao village 1 and 2, xiabaisang village 1, 2 and 3, Basang village 1 and 2, and dongoro village 1, 2, 3 and 4.

details

Xinduqiao town is located at the North-South fork of national highway 318 Sichuan Tibet line. Its beautiful scenery, magical light, boundless grassland, winding streams, golden cypress poplar, rolling mountains, scattered Tibetan villages and scattered cattle and sheep attract tourists and photographers from all over the world It is called "the world of light and shadow" and "the paradise of photographers".

Historical evolution

In 1957, it belonged to dongoro Township, Yingguan district.

In 1992, Xinduqiao town was built.

In 2019, Waze township will be abolished and its administrative region will be put under the jurisdiction of Xinduqiao town.

economic development

Township enterprises in Xinduqiao town have business, transportation, machine repair, sewing and catering services. Agricultural production of highland barley, wheat, peas, potatoes. The animal husbandry is mainly yak, cattle, horse and sheep. In recent years, with the gradual development of the tourism industry in Western Sichuan, the tourism industry in Xinduqiao town has also further developed. Xinduqiao town has become a necessary place for the journey of national highway 318.

Population data

Population data of Xinduqiao Town: (data of the fifth census)

Characteristics of folk houses

Xinduqiao Town, located in the west of Kangding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, is an important hub of Sichuan Tibet transportation. With the progress of society and the development of economy, the local way of life and production has changed under the influence of "mixed living culture". The local Tibetan dwellings have changed from living type, functional layout, plane shape and other aspects, and finally formed the original architecture with the characteristics of the times. This evolution process reflects the growth track of local dwellings in the process of urbanization in Sichuan Tibetan areas.

From Kangding to the west, zhedoshan is a traditional dividing line between Tibetan and Han. From the east to the west, the architectural style of Han style or Han Tibetan mixed style is gradually weakening, while the simple pure Tibetan style is becoming more and more distinct and unique. From the perspective of ethnology, Sichuan Tibet line is a corridor of ethnic integration and multi-cultural integration, and architecture is the inherent group living symbol in this area. Lin Junhua, an architect, said: all kinds of cultures on the Sichuan Tibet line are atypical original cultures formed under the influence of various cultures. Some people call them "mixed culture" or "mixed culture". Xinduqiao is the first stop from "outside the pass" to "inside the pass" after crossing many mountains. The real Kangba Tibetans begin here, and it is also an important exhibition area for the Muya dwellings of Kangba Tibetans.

The Tibetan dwellings in Xinduqiao are very characteristic. They have a very spacious courtyard with white walls and red lacquer gates. Most of the houses are built of stone. They live in the morning sun and have excellent lighting. There are three or four windows on each wall of each building. The eaves of the windows are painted with red, black and white colors. The sun, moon or triangle patterns symbolize the prosperity of people and the abundance of grain.

Tile shed or slate shed

In the early period, tile shed and stone shed were the main forms of Tibetan houses in Xinduqiao town. Tile shed or slate shed is a simple house built with tile or slate as roofing material. The building structure is divided into two types, one is beam lifting type, first the wall is built with stones, leaving door and window openings, and then the beams and rafters are erected on the wall to cover tile or slate; the other is to make a simple wooden frame through the bucket, and then masonry with stones. Because of the heavy weight of tile and slate, it can not be directly built on the wooden frame, and the stone wall is required to bear the load. Since the yingguan District Office was moved from yingguan village to Xinduqiao town in 1957, the business department, bank business office, grain station, cultural and popular science exhibition, etc. have gradually improved, people's living standards have also been improved day by day, and the ability of tile shed to shelter from wind and rain is poor, which can not meet the needs of people's life, so it gradually disappeared in the history of Tibetan development.

Traditional blockhouse

Since the establishment of Xinduqiao town in 1992, the construction of Xinduqiao town has developed rapidly, and blockhouse has quickly become the main form of Tibetan residence in the local area, and the settlements are linear distributed along both sides of Sichuan Tibet highway. Most of them have two or three floors, and most of them are traditional Muya Tibetan houses.

1) Building structure: Muya residential buildings are mainly stone wood structures, and the structural system composed of beams, columns and purlins supports the whole building floor and indoor load. And its internal and external walls also bear the weight of the building itself and the interior of the room. In addition, due to the local pine, cypress, fir, birch, poplar and other large trees are relatively rich, some building walls also use the "collapse" structure, that is, the well dry wall. It can be inferred that the main structural system of Tibetan residence in Xinduqiao town is composed of columns, girders, purlins and internal and external walls.

2) Building structure beam and column: there is a substitute wood at the intersection of beam head and column head, which has two directions. The left and right beam heads are butted and placed on the substitute wood, and the column stands directly below the connection of the two beams; the other is that the beams are parallel and staggered, the substitute wood is perpendicular to the direction of the beam, and the beam head extends out a little from both sides of the substitute wood. The other end of the beam falls directly on the stone wall, which basically adopts the structural form of two beams sandwiched with one beam, and is arranged downward according to the Bay, so there are different situations of one beam or two beams falling on the wall. In addition, in order to prevent the movement of beam column joint or the sliding of beam head, the wood tenon is made at the place where the column head, beam head and substitute wood contact. Wall: the wall masonry of Xinduqiao Tibetan residence adopts stone wall masonry and wood wall masonry. Stone wall masonry: there are generally two kinds of stone, namely rubble and block stone. In the early period of masonry, a layer of regular block stone was used to fold a layer of rubble (or all block stones) and then soil was used to fill the joints. In recent years, the walls of new blockhouses were cut rectangular block stones, which were stacked regularly and filled with cement. In the process of masonry, in order to improve the bearing capacity of the wall, the usual method of hiding is to increase the thickness of the corner, and the outer wall is divided upward layer by layer, which not only strengthens the centripetality of the structure, but also reduces the load of the upper layer, and better ensures the stability of the structure. Wood wall masonry: the most commonly used wood wall masonry in Xinduqiao Tibetan residence is the "collapse" structure. The two ends of the semicircle wood are overlapped to form a whole, and holes are directly dug on the wall to be used as doors and windows. This kind of wood wall usually appears in the gap of the top floor of the building. Roof and floor: there are two kinds of roofs in Xinduqiao Tibetan Residence: flat roof and sloping roof. The construction of flat roof is made of clay, gravel and branches. When the masonry wall reaches one floor, the columns, beams, gratings and rafters will be placed with a median distance of about 40 cm. The firewood or thick branches will be laid on the rafters, and then a layer of twigs will be laid. After that, the mud with a thickness of about 1 cm will be laid on the twigs, and the mud with a thickness of about 15 ~ 20 cm will be laid on the mud (generally, the floor is thin and the roof is thick). Finally, 2cm fine sand is paved on the coarse soil and compacted, and a certain slope is set to prevent ponding.

New style blockhouse

Nowadays, with the replacement of traditional building materials by new building materials, some changes have taken place in the structure of new blockhouse buildings. The method of replacing fine sand with cement mortar appears in roof paving. The method of indoor floor is to place wooden brace on the flapped coarse soil, planed groove on both sides of wooden brace, inlaid wooden floor along the groove between two braces, and filled with crushed stone under the plate; sloping roof is to use small green tiles commonly used in Han Dynasty, which are directly placed on the roof truss or purlin. The slope roof of diaochang in Xinduqiao town is mainly composed of Xieshan (a few hanging on the top of the mountain), which is different from Muya dwellings in other areas. The main reason is that it is influenced by Han architecture, forming an atypical original ecological building. In addition, in 2010, the 60th anniversary of the founding of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, the residents can build Hongwa Xieshan for their diaochang at the government's expense according to their personal wishes Top.