Ni Mei Yi nationality township, Hanyuan County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province

Nimei Yi nationality township

Located in the south of Hanyuan County, linluogou, xijiehe upstream alpine mountain. It is 50 kilometers away from Hanyuan County. Its geographical location is 29 ° 11 'n and 102 ° 42' E. It is adjacent to Dashu town in the north, Mayi Township in the East, Tianba town in Ganluo County in the south, shaijing Township and Henan Township in the West. Covering an area of 66.6 square kilometers, it governs five villagers' committees, 28 villagers' groups, five natural villages, 560 households and 2151 people, including 1308 Yi people, accounting for 62% of the total population. The altitude is 1900-2622m. Township government in he'ai village, 1950 meters above sea level.

Historical evolution

Xiang got its name from the meaning of fertile land. In ancient times, it was the Yi land of qiongdu. In 1585, when the chieftains of puxiong rebelled and were conquered, they were classified as "Pingyi fort" and built villages. Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, they were the Babao of Dashu town in Yuexi County. In 1951, it was transferred to Hanyuan County to establish a township. In 1958, it established a people's commune. In 1985, it changed to nimei Yi township.

Nimei, formerly known as "mud sow", was changed to "nimei" after the founding of the people's Republic of China because of the bare rocks at the head of the village, which looked like a sow with a baby.

geographical environment

Nimei Yi nationality township is located 50 kilometers south of Hanyuan County. It is an alpine mountain area in the upper reaches of linluogou and xijiehe rivers. Its geographical location is 29 degrees 11 minutes north latitude and 102 degrees 41 minutes east longitude. It is adjacent to Yaolin Township in the north, linluogou in the west, shaijing and Henan two townships in the west, zhouhuoshan and Pianma Township in the East, Fengwo Zhichang wabanshan huomagou in the South and Ganluo County in the south, covering an area of 66.6 square kilometers The altitude is 1900-2622m.

It is an alpine mountain area with cold winter and spring, cool summer and autumn, annual average temperature of 11.8 degrees Celsius, frost free period of 200 days, heavy rain and waterlogging.

agricultural production

Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, slash and burn farming, relying on the weather for food, backward agricultural production and poor people's life have always been "giving birth to a man to go to the door, and raising a daughter to marry not to win, leaving behind the old bones, pitiful for generations.". After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the people's government vigorously supported production, built nimei and Fengwo two power stations (48kW), built rural roads, and gradually enriched people's lives.

In 2001, there were 7856 mu of cultivated land, 1619 tons of grain output, 599 kg of grain per farmer and 1802 pigs. Grain crops produce corn, potato, buckwheat seed, big white cloud, small white kidney bean, flower bean, big black kidney bean, other agricultural products produce walnut, chestnut, pepper, lacquer, small fruit, etc. There are 30000 mu of grassland, 38000 mu of forest and more than 1000 mu of lacquer forest, which is one of the main producing areas of lacquer in the county.

ethnic customs

The traditional Torch Festival is held on June 24 of the lunar calendar. On the day of the festival, Pteridium aquilinum is laid indoors and outdoors and chickens and sheep are killed. In the evening, men, women and children sit around the fire hall to eat vegetables and drink "bar wine". After that, the whole family lights a torch and goes out to read the toast of bumper grain. Young men and women sing and dance and enjoy themselves. October 16 of the lunar calendar is the Yi People's new year's day. In addition to drinking "club wine", there are also horse racing, wrestling, singing, dancing and other activities.

At the time of marriage, the elder brother of the man carries the bride back. On that night, the two sides choose a number of singers to drink, sing to each other and play the tune. Two to three days later, the elder brother or younger brother takes the bride back to her mother's home.

The funeral calendar is the local custom of fire burning, that is, to dig a 40 cm long and 20 cm wide pit in the designated burning area, and pile firewood on the pit, with nine layers for men and seven layers for women. The dead are put on the firewood pile, and a bundle of ashes is set on fire at each head and foot. The next day, the ashes are swept in the pit and buried in soil. It is still the same today.

railway construction

Chengdu Kunming railway passes through along the southern edge, and there is a Changheba railway station. "A line of sky" bridge and tunnel connected, magnificent, "bow water roar, look up a line of sky, long dragon waist, wall cutting into a thoroughfare.". The traditional Torch Festival falls on June 24 of the lunar calendar and the new year's Day falls on October 16, which is the same as nimei. The Baixiong gully on the Bank of the Dadu River exit is 550 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in Hanyuan County.

Nationality and culture

The Yi people are a people who pay equal attention to both culture and martial arts and pay attention to civilization and politeness. Between the elder and the younger, who is older and who is younger depends not only on the age, but also on the length and evening of the butterfly in the father's genealogy or the mother's genealogy. In special public places, the seats should be arranged according to the number of generations, and the elders are not allowed to speak first when they are present. Yi people have a saying that "guests are three hundred years older than the host". When guests come, they must give way to the top, at least treat each other with tobacco and tea.

There is a folk custom of "beating sheep" and "beating cattle" to welcome guests. Whenever there are visitors, they must kill animals to treat them, and treat them with cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, etc. according to their identity and degree of intimacy. Before killing animals, live animals should be brought to the guests, and the guests should look at them and slaughter them to show their respect. In Liangshan, as long as the guests enter the house, the host must first serve the guests with wine, and then make all kinds of dishes. During the meal, the housewife should always pay attention to the meal in the guest's bowl, and add more food at any time before the guest has finished, so as to show her sincere hospitality. When eating, the elders sit at the top, and the lower ones sit around on both sides and below in turn, adding meals, sandwiching vegetables and making soup for the elders.

The Yi People's crafts mainly include colored lacquer painting, embroidery, decals and casting. Lacquer painting is mainly applied to bowls, plates, pots, cups, armor, wristbands, shields, quivers, saddles, bridles, Yueqin, harmonica and so on. The colors are mainly black, red and yellow. Embroidery and decals are good at by Yi women. They are often embroidered (or pasted) on chaerwa, toupa, sleeve, collar, skirt, trouser leg, hanging belt, cigarette pouch, belt, etc. Black as the bottom, with thorn (stick) red, yellow, green, blue and other high purity thread. The patterns of colored lacquer painting, embroidery and applique lace include the sky phenomena such as sun, moon, rainbow and cloud; the natural geography of mountains and rivers such as water ripple and mountain shape; some parts of animals such as cockscomb, ox eye, ox sheep horn and pig tooth; some parts of plants such as flowers, leaves and branches; and some lines, braids and squares. All kinds of patterns are closely connected with real life, rich and colorful, rich in strong national and local color.