Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province

Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve

Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve is located in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, adjacent to Dongyanggou Provincial Nature Reserve in the East and Pingwu County in Mianyang City in the West. It covers an area of 40000 hectares. A provincial nature reserve was established in 1978 and promoted to the national level in 1986. The main protected objects are giant panda and forest ecosystem.

Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve is located at the Northeast foot of Minshan Mountain and the north part of Longmen Mountain. The highest peak is 3837 meters above sea level and the relative elevation difference is more than 2400 meters. There are abundant animal and plant resources in this area, including Davidia involucrata, Lianxiang tree, shuiqingshu, etc., and more than 20 kinds of animals, such as giant panda, golden monkey, takin, clouded leopard, green tailed pheasant, etc.

In January 2015, it was selected into the first IUCN green list.

Development history

The predecessor of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve is the former Qingchuan logging factory of Mianyang special area and the forest management office of Qingchuan county. In 1978, it was established on the basis of demolishing the original logging factory in Mianyang special area and the forest management office in Qingchuan County, which was reported by Sichuan Provincial Revolutionary Committee and approved by the State Council with the document of GF (1978) No. 256. Due to the rich biodiversity in the area, in order to facilitate the protection and management, the provincial government allocated 1.1 million yuan from 1985 to 1986. Through the efforts of governments at all levels, 301 people from 65 households of Qianshao village in the area were moved out of the reserve, which controlled the interference of human activities and created a good environment for the reproduction and survival of rare wild animals and plants such as giant pandas. in July 1986, the State Council approved the promotion to a national nature reserve with a total area of 410900 mu. in December 1991, with the approval of the people's Government of Sichuan Province, Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve was jointly managed by the original province and county, and the provincial management system was changed to the direct management of the Forestry Department of Sichuan Province. The forestry bureaus of Guangyuan City and Qingchuan County assisted in the protection and management work. The management organization was changed from the original "Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Management Office of Qingchuan county" to "Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Management Office of Sichuan Province" The "National Nature Reserve Management Office" is a vice county level institution directly under the Forestry Department of Sichuan Province.

geographical environment

position

Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve is located in the northern part of the Western Longmen mountain system and the southern foot of Motianling mountain. It is a high mountain and narrow valley zone from Sichuan basin to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is between the Subtropical Lowland and and the temperate plateau in the West and North. The inner layer of the area is ancient and used to be the East Bank of the ancient Mediterranean. It is located in Qingchuan County, Guangyuan City, on the northwest side of Longmen Mountains of Minshan Mountain system, at the south foot of Motianling mountain. It is connected with Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve in Wenxian County, Gansu Province in the north, Dongyanggou Provincial Nature Reserve in Qingchuan in the East and Pingwu County in Mianyang City in the west, covering an area of 40000 hectares.

hydrology

There are more than 50 mountain rivers in the nature reserve converging in Tangjia river. In the dry season, the water flows slowly, while in the flood season, the water flows rapidly, and falls along the cliff to form a waterfall.

climate

The scenic area has a subtropical humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, warm and humid, cool summer and long winter. There is a large altitude difference in the area. In different altitudes, seasons and periods, there are meteorological and celestial landscapes such as sunrise, sea of clouds, rainbow, Buddha light, Wusong, ice and snow, blue sky, white clouds, stars all over the sky, and the same brightness of the sun and the moon.

geology

Tangjiahe scenic spot is located in the wave strike area of Longmenshan fault zone and North Qinling and Motianling fold zones in Qinghai Tibet Autonomous Region, with ancient strata exposed. The exposed strata are mainly slate, granite, limestone and sandstone. The rock in the reserve is the end of the glacier, and the end moraine Bank of the glacier can be seen. Passing through caijiaba, baixiongguan, xiaowanhe, maoxiangba and shuichiping, you can see the distribution of granite boulders transported from different places by glaciers on the whole line. In these areas, we can also see evidence of various glacial activities, such as the unique U-shaped Valley landform of glaciers, the iceberg landform, the suspended Valley, the ice mortar and the large boulders; the yangjishi, the dengzhanshi and the glacier scratch formed during the glacier migration. It is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with the highest altitude of 3864m and the lowest altitude of 1150M.

Protected objects

overview

Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve is a nature reserve of forest, wild animals and forest ecological types with giant panda golden monkey, takin and their habitats as the main protection objects. There are 430 species of vertebrates, of which 72 are under state key protection and 13 are under first-class protection. The number of giant pandas is 60, including more than 1000 golden monkeys and more than 1200 Takins. There are 2422 species of plants, including 12 species of rare plants under the state key protection, of which 4 species belong to the first level. Minshan Mountain is an important part of giant panda's main habitat. It is designated as a class a nature reserve by WWF, and known as "natural gene bank", "life home" and "green pearl" of Minshan Mountain.

animal

panda

It inhabits in broad-leaved forest, mixed forest and coniferous forest at an altitude of 1600-3600m, and mainly feeds on Bambusa fargesii, Fargesia scabra, Fargesia Huaxi, Fargesia Qingchuan and Fargesia paucifera. The habitat area is about 300 km2, accounting for 75% of the total area of the reserve. There are about 60 giant pandas in the reserve.

Golden Monkey

They live in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous forest at the altitude of 1200-3500m. Arboreal, sometimes also under the ground. Group activities during the day, night 3-5 only form a small group squatting on a tall tree sleep. It moves vertically with the seasons, in the forest of 3000m above sea level in summer, and in the forest of 1500m below sea level in winter. On trees or on the ground, they feed on buds, twigs, leaves, inflorescences, bark, fruits, seeds, bamboo shoots, bamboo leaves, etc. Rest, play and escape are all in the tree. Gregarious, generally in 100-200, there are about 7 groups in the territory, each group with an average of 150, a total of about 1200. Rhinopithecus roxellana is agile, has a wide range of activities and is widely distributed. The best observation time is around the coniferous forest belt near the alpine meadow in spring and autumn. Of course, it is often found along the road from Tangjiahe checkpoint to maoxiangba.

Takin

Sichuan subspecies is endemic to China. It inhabits in alpine and subalpine forests, shrubs or meadows, and is distributed throughout the reserve. There is seasonal migration, but its main habitat is coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest at an altitude of 2000-3400m. The number of colonies varies greatly from 3 to 5, generally from 10 to 45. In winter, they often aggregate into a large aggregation of 60 to 130. The active area can reach more than 100 km2. In the reserve, there are about 1000.

macaque

It is distributed from 2000-3600m above sea level and inhabits in various secluded and edible environments. I like to live in the forest and shrub areas of Rocky Mountains, especially in the vast areas where rocks are craggy, cliffs are sandwiched with streams, rivers, valleys and climbing trees.

Chieftain monkey

It inhabits in the broad-leaved forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest or the place with rare trees and many rocks in the alpine gorge at an altitude of 1400-3600m. Group, generally 40-50. Omnivorous, but mainly plants, but also eat insects, frogs, birds and eggs.

black bear

They live from the broad-leaved forest of 1400m to the alpine shrub meadow of 3600m above sea level. Omnivorous. After the villagers moved out, persimmons, apples, pears and a large number of beech seeds were left behind, which made the bear population develop. Every autumn, when wild fruits such as walnuts and foxtail millet mature, black bears can occasionally forage on trees. Maoxiangba small ring road, caijiaba area can meet.

Golden cat

Golden cat is a cat of medium size, with a body length of 90cm, a tail length of 50cm and a weight of 12-20kg. The quantity is unknown. It is estimated that there are dozens of them.

Yellow throated mink

All kinds of forest types inhabit at 1400-3100m above sea level and nest in tree holes or stone caves. Morning and evening activities. They eat rodents, small animals, and even a few of them hunt medium-sized ungulates such as deer, muntjac and musk deer.

Hyenas

It inhabits in the mountainous area with dense forest and bare rock in the altitude of 1400-3800m. In the morning and dusk, the activity is frequent. During the day, they hide under the high mountain hanging rock or in the cave to rest. Often alone. It feeds on the branches and leaves of weeds and woody plants, but also on a small amount of fruits. They have the habit of defecating at fixed points.

Gazelle

It inhabits in the high mountains with altitude of 1400-3800m and the bare cliff with rare trees in the forest of middle mountain. They live alone or in pairs, with relatively fixed habitats, usually on sunny hillsides. In winter, they enter the forest, and in summer, they usually move on the top of the mountain. Morning and dusk activities, to trees and shrubs twigs and leaves and grass for food.

Yellow muntjac

It inhabits in the forest edge and grass below 2300m above sea level. There are many in the reserve.

Hairy crested deer

It inhabits in the valley forest and forest with more shrubs, bamboos and grasses in the high and middle mountains at an altitude of 1000-3000m. They are good at concealment and are most frequent at dusk. It feeds on all kinds of grasses and legumes in mountain villages.

Rock squirrels

Squirrels. It inhabits in the stone gap of shrub and bamboo forest below 2600m above sea level and feeds on berries, nuts and seeds. There is a certain amount.

sand badger

It inhabits in the stream side and grass bush of the middle and low mountain wilderness below 3000m. Cave dwelling or cave dwelling. Roar like a pig. Sniff for food, or dig like a pig's nose. miscellaneous