Chengtoushan Town, Li County, Changde City, Hunan Province

Chengtoushan town

Chengtoushan town

According to the adjustment plan of town division in Lixian County

The former chexihe neighborhood committee of Chexi Township and 14 villages including Yiwu, Chengtoushan, Chenggong, Wangping, jiaotianyan, pailou, Zhanjia, Dahekou, Huayuanqiao, Wanxing, taojia, Sunjia, Chexi and Qunying, as well as the Zhanggong neighborhood committee of zhanggongmiao town and 11 villages including niuyukou, Huanghe, Tongtong, Xinlian, Baihe, Hequn, Liuyin, Guofu, Lianhe, Huguo and Jianlou, will be established All the administrative regions of Daping Township were merged and Chengtoushan town was established.

administrative division

According to the adjustment plan of township division in Li County, the original chexihe neighborhood committee of Chexi Township and 14 villages including Yiwu, Chengtoushan, Chenggong, Wangping, jiaotianyan, pailou, Zhanjia, Dahekou, Huayuanqiao, Wanxing, taojia, Sunjia, Chexi and Qunying, as well as zhanggongmiao town zhanggongju Committee and niuukou, Huanghe, Tongtong, Xinlian, Baihe, Hequn, Liuyin, Guofu, Lianhe The 11 village systems of national protection and building were merged with all administrative regions of Daping township to establish Chengtoushan town. The newly established Chengtoushan town has three neighborhood committees: Yucheng, chexihe, and Zhanggong. They are Hongxing, Damiao, Qunle, Daxin, Baitang, Dayang, Xinsheng, Daping, Huangyan, Dongyue, mengping, zhongcen, Yiwu, Chengtoushan, Chenggong, Wangping, jiaotianyan, pailou, Zhanjia, Dahekou, Huayuanqiao, Wanxing, taojia, Sunjia, Chexi, Qunying, niuyukou, Huanghe, Tongtong Xinlian, Baihe, Hequn, Liuyin, Guofu, Lianhe, Huguo and Jianlou have 37 villages with a total area of 101.61 square kilometers and a total population of 58352 (in 2017). The town people's government is stationed in zhoujiapo (the former residence of Daping Township People's Government).

History and culture

Chengtoushan, the oldest city in China, is located in Chengtoushan Town, Li County, Changde County, Hunan Province. It is the earliest, most complete and most abundant ancient city site discovered in China. The ancient Egyptian city was built around 3200 BC. The discovery of the ancient city of Chengtoushan has advanced the history of human construction for more than 1000 years. Many archaeologists believe that the ancient city of Chengtoushan may be the earliest city in the world. In 1992 and 1997, Chengtoushan ancient cultural site was twice rated as "ten new archaeological discoveries" in China. The discovery of the Chengtoushan site shows that a central settlement has been formed in the Dongting Lake plain more than 1000 years ago, which shows that the height of ancient culture development in the Yangtze River Basin is comparable to that in the Yellow River Basin, which is known as the cradle of Chinese civilization! In 1997, tens of thousands of grains of rice and rice were unearthed in the ancient river channels of pengtoushan and other places near Chengtoushan, and ancient rice fields and supporting irrigation facilities were discovered in Chengtoushan. Archaeologists infer that this is the earliest paddy field found in the world, about 6000 years ago. At that time, the technology of planting rice by Chengtoushan people was very mature. In 2001, the Chengtoushan site was named "100 new archaeological discoveries in China in the 20th century", and its excavation results were recorded on the bronze corridor of the China Century Monument in Beijing, and included in the history textbooks of universities and middle schools. The rise and fall of the ancient city more than 6000 years ago, the ancestors lived by the Lishui River, multiplied in the Liyang plain, and built a city to protect against invasion. The earth city wall is more than 1000 meters long, more than 30 meters wide and 5 meters high. It has four gates in the East, South, West and North, and has a moat nearly 40 meters wide. It is like a copper wall and iron wall, guarding the peace and tranquility of about 80000 square meters in the city wall. in the greenhouses of the ancient city ruins, there are broken walls of the city wall, and different colors of rammed layers can be clearly seen in the soil profile. In the winter of 1991, archaeologists dissected the southwest city wall and divided the soil layer into 12 layers from top to bottom. The first layer is grayish brown soil layer, which was formed by the surface soil leveling and farming of the city wall in modern times. The second layer is light gray sandy disturbed soil layer, containing a small amount of Han Dynasty tiles and late porcelain pieces, but also a few Neolithic pottery pieces. The third layer is the inner slope accumulation layer, which is the accumulation in the city when the city wall was used. It is the accumulation in the early Shijiahe culture and the late Qujialing culture. The fourth layer is light yellow clay rammed earth, which shows the rammed nest left by river pebble ramming The older you go, the older you get. The 12th floor is the earliest city wall of the ancient city. It was built at the same time as the moat around the city, and soil was taken from the moat to build the city. The wall is only 2 meters high, but there is a height difference of 1.5 meters between the base of the wall and the trench opening, and there is a 2.5 meters deep circular trench under it. The combination of the three has played an effective defensive role. With the passage of time, the wall has been built many times, and it has become solid as a rock. The Millennium storm is concentrated in that layer of remains. as for the construction of the ancient city wall, there is a saying that it was made by the captives captured in the tribal war. In the winter of 1997, when cleaning up the first phase of the city wall and the outer slope of the city wall, experts excavated a human sacrifice pit at the foot of the city wall. There were many tombs such as limb bending tombs and headless tombs, which indicated that the sacrifice of killing and slaughtering animals had been held during the construction of the city. in the ancient city, there is a perfect urban planning. The living area, farming area, domestic waste treatment area, sacrificial area and burial area are strictly separated. The living room is connected with the living room and separated by objects. The size and orientation of the reception hall at home are different from those of the meeting hall of the clansmen. There are wide city roads, dense and overlapping public tombs, perfect drainage system and so on. The city fireworks of Chengtoushan have existed for more than 2000 years. It has gone through several historical periods of Daxi Culture, Qujialing culture and Shijiahe culture. It was not until the middle period of Shijiahe culture (about 4000 years ago) that the ancient city was abandoned. The disappearance of this earliest city in China may be due to the wars between tribes, the frequent floods in the Lishui River Basin, and the collective migration of urban residents.

famous scenery

Chengtoushan scenic spot is located in Chengtoushan village, Yucheng village and Taiping Village, 10km northwest of Lixian County, Hunan Province. It includes Chengtoushan National Archaeological Site Park, Liyang plain prehistoric site museum, Chengtoushan agricultural Grand View Garden and Chengtoushan town. Chengtoushan National Archaeological Site Park is built on Chengtoushan ancient city site, a national key cultural relic protection unit, and is the core of Chengtoushan scenic spot. In 2013, the State Administration of cultural heritage officially included the list of the second batch of national archaeological sites parks in China and started construction. It is a national large site protection demonstration area determined by the "12th Five Year Plan" and "13th five year plan". It also undertakes the three functions of site protection, cultural exhibition and tourism and leisure. The park covers an area of 662 mu, with Chengtoushan site as the axis and two roads extending southward and westward. On the 2.5 km north-south landscape axis, there are entrance gate tower, tourist service center, inscription monument scenic spot, Nanmen Ecological Square and moat landscape belt.