Wuyanling nature reserve, Taishun County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province

Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province

Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, located in the northwest of Taishun County, Zhejiang Province, is 245 km away from Wenzhou City. It is the nearest National Nature Reserve of forest ecology and wildlife types to the East China Sea.

The nature reserve has a wide range of mountains, complex landforms and virgin forests, which constitute a variety of unique natural landscapes.

There are 2150 species of plants and more than 50 national key protected animals in the reserve. The yellow bellied Tragopan, a rare and endangered bird in the world and a first-class protected animal in China, inhabits here.

(Wuyanling scenery photo source)

geographical environment

geographical position

Wuyanling National Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of Taishun County, Zhejiang Province. It belongs to Donggong mountain range. It borders Shouning and Fuan in Fujian Province in the West and Wencheng and Jingning in Zhejiang Province in the north. It is located in 27 ° 20 ′ 52 ″ - 27 ° 48 ′ 39 ″ north latitude and 119 ° 37 ′ 8 ″ - 119 ° 50 ′ 00 ″ east longitude, with a total area of 18861.5 hectares.

Geological features

Wuyanling is located in the Shanmen Taishun fault depression of Yongjia Taishun basement depression belt in Zhejiang Province, which is the southern segment of Donggong mountain. It is characterized by undulating mountains, sharp cutting, multi fault canyons and complex terrain. There are 17 peaks more than 1000 meters, which connect with each other and extend continuously, becoming the main landscape of Wuyanling. Baiyunjian, the main peak, is 1611.1 meters, the highest peak in Wenzhou.

Climate and hydrology

The Nature Reserve belongs to the "Nanling min Ou middle subtropical" climate zone, which is warm and humid, with four distinct seasons and abundant rainfall. It has the characteristics of mid subtropical marine monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 15.2 ℃, the average temperature in January is 5.0 ℃, the average temperature in July is 24.1 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 11.0 ℃, the frost free period is 230 days, the average relative humidity is more than 82%, the average annual precipitation is 2195 mm, the most from may to June, accounting for 29%, and the monthly precipitation from March to October is more than 100 mm. Wuyanling is the birthplace of Feiyun River in Zhejiang Province, and also the source of Shanxi reservoir in Wenzhou. From the perspective of the whole nature reserve, although the mountains are high and steep, the average slope of gullies is large, the rainstorm confluence time is short, and many waterfalls and pools are formed, the river bed is still narrow, the river width is generally less than 10 meters, the two banks are complete, the scouring is mild, the source is short, and the water flow is continuous all the year round, the water quality is clear, and the water resources are rich.

soil structure

The mountain soil types in the nature reserve belong to red soil and yellow soil. The soil below 600 meters above sea level is black yellow gravel soil of red soil type, and the soil above 600 meters above sea level is yellow soil type, mountain yellow soil, mountain gravel cinnamon soil and mountain cinnamon soil of yellow soil type. The thickness of forest soil is about 70 cm, litter layer is 2-7 cm, topsoil layer is 10-20 cm, pH value is 4-6, total nitrogen content is 0.1-0.5%, total phosphorus content is 0.02-0.03%, organic matter content is high, and soil texture is good. The average annual litter and litter storage is 15.4 T / ha (based on dry matter), humus layer and topsoil absorb more water, so the soil is not dry for a long time.

Vegetation composition

The vegetation of Wuyanling Nature Reserve belongs to the South sub zone of middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. Due to the unique natural geographical conditions and the remote mountainous area, there was a large area of primary evergreen broad-leaved forest preserved before 1950s. In 1958, some of the iron and steel enterprises were destroyed by human activities. However, after decades of protection and management, they recovered quickly and the vegetation was well preserved, which is representative of the middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Resource status

Wuyanling Nature Reserve has many tree species and abundant biological resources. According to the latest forest resources survey, the total land area of the reserve is 18861.5 hectares, and the non forestry land is 1662.0 hectares, accounting for 91.2% and 8.8% of the total land area respectively. The forest coverage rate of the whole reserve is 87.9%. In some places, such as Shuangkengkou, the forest coverage rate is more than 95%. The total volume of living trees in the reserve is 564000 cubic meters, and the number of Moso bamboo is 7.56 million. Wuyanling is the only conservation base and artificial breeding base of China's Tragopan. In addition to the yellow bellied horned pheasant, Wuyanling also owns 5.9% of China's national rare and protected plants, such as Chinese chive, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, boleshu, etc.; 15.7% of China's higher animals, including 50 species of leopard and black muntjac under the first and second level national protection; more than 200 species of birds, including 29 species under the first and second level national protection, which are described as "natural biological genes" by experts "Library" and "green ecological museum".

plant resources

Because it is located on the boundary line between the central subtropical zone and the central subtropical zone, it is the confluence area of North and South plants. In addition, it is blocked by hills in the northwest, with complex terrain and superior climate, so it is rich in plant species and complex regional system. According to the survey and statistics, there are 1863 species of seed plants in the reserve, belonging to 775 genera and 158 families, accounting for 55% of the total seed plants in Zhejiang Province. They are the main components of the natural ecosystem of the reserve. There are 287 species of pteridophytes, belonging to 94 genera and 45 families. There are 358 species of bryophytes, belonging to 155 genera and 58 families. There are 212 species of fungi, belonging to 129 genera and 61 families. the plant species in the area account for 50% of the plant species in Zhejiang Province, and it is an important natural "biological gene bank". Among them, there are quite a number of rare and endangered plants and many species with economic development value. There are five species of wild plants under the first-class national protection, such as leek, water fern, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, boleshu and Brasenia schreberi. There are also five species of wild plants under the second-class national protection, such as golden dog, salsa crassifolia, Fokienia hodginsii, Pseudolarix fortunei, Pseudolarix fortunei, Torreya grandis, Cinnamomum camphora, Phoebe bournei, Phoebe chekiangensis, Sophora tonkinensis, wild soybean, palm tree, Liriodendron, Magnolia officinalis, lotus, golden buckwheat, fragrant fruit tree and cobweb calyx 19 species, such as beech. < I > (Wuyanling plant photo source) < / I > 1

Animal resources

The reserve is rich in animal resources, and has the characteristics of South China in animal geographical distribution and fauna. There are 342 species of vertebrates belonging to 218 genera, 81 families, 27 orders, accounting for 53% of the total species in Zhejiang Province. Among the vertebrates, birds are the most; there are 1041 species of insects, 131 families, 15 orders; and 85 species of butterflies, 54 genera, 22 families. according to the investigation, there are 8 species of wild animals under the first-class national protection, including Tragopan, clouded leopard, leopard, black muntjac, Golden Eagle, pheasant with white neck and long tail, and Papilio Chrysopidae. There are 42 species of wild animals under the second-class national protection, including pangolin, jackal, silver pheasant, and impala. The wild animals under the provincial key protection include black giant purple nymphalid butterfly, white forehead mountain partridge, red breasted flower pecker, king cobra, and maoguan There are 33 species of deer and fox. Among them, the yellow bellied horned pheasant, which is listed as the national first-class protection, is a rare bird of China, and is listed as "endangered species" by the international endangered species "red book". It is mainly distributed in the evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest with an altitude of 1000-1400m in the nature reserve, and moves to 800-1000m underground in winter. Due to the superior natural conditions of the reserve, there are more than 400 yellow bellied TRAGOPANS, which are mainly distributed in the qianjinkeng area of Shuangkengkou nature reserve. The reserve has become the only reserve and important conservation base of Tragopan in China. < I > (Wuyanling nature reserve wildlife photo source) < / I >

tourist resources

The geographical environment of the reserve, due to the complex topography, has formed a variety of unique natural landscape. It is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, no heat in midsummer, changeable weather, mang forest and wall pine, waterfalls and Bitan, and the fragrance of birds and flowers. The forest landscape formed by a large area of evergreen broad-leaved forest has high ornamental value and is the basis of tourism resources; the meteorological landscape in the reserve is also very rich, with a myriad of Meteorology throughout the year and endless changes; there are waterfalls, pools, Zhangs and other scenic spots, such as Baiyun waterfall, baiyunjian, longjingtan, which are produced by the erosion landform of the fault gorge, and there are two streams in the reserve, Shanxi and Sancha Big reservoir, Siqian, Zhuli two ethnic (she) township (town).

Historical evolution

Wuyanling was formerly known as "Wanli forest". It was also known as "Baizhang forest" because it was located in Baizhang. It was a place for refugees to live in seclusion in ancient times. Later, due to the black stone walls and rocks beside Shuangkengkou stream, and the big forest behind it, the local people called it "Wuyanling", so it was named Wuyanling. In history, it has been destroyed several times. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, there were refugees from Yong'an who set up factories (sheds) here to plant indigo, slash and burn millet and early wheat rice. In particular, more than 200 carbon kilns were built and more than 30000 cubic meters of timber was cut down during the steel making, resulting in the destruction of part of the original broad-leaved forest. However, due to the large mountain, wide area and inconvenient transportation, a large number of primary broad-leaved forest and various wild animal and plant resources are still preserved in the area. In 1959, Wuyanling state forest farm was established, and forest resources protection and timber forest construction were carried out. Through careful afforestation and forest protection, forest resources increased continuously, and the original natural broad-leaved forest was well preserved. since the early 1950s, especially in the 1970s, some universities and scientific research institutions have carried out investigation and Research on Wuyanling. For example, Shanghai East China Normal University has completed the investigation and analysis of pteridophytes and evergreen broad-leaved forest communities, and Hangzhou University has done the investigation of animal resources fragments. in 1975, the government of Zhejiang Province officially approved the establishment of Wuyanling Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province (the scope is limited to 1500 hectares of state-owned part only), and carried out conservation activities