Hotan City, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Hotan Hotan (Uyghur: Hetian, renamed Hetian in 1959) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Approved by the State Council in September 1983, it was set up in Hetian County on August 18, 1984. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the whole region.

Hotan city is located between the Kunlun Mountains and the Taklimakan Desert. It is the southernmost city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 1500 kilometers away from the capital Urumqi. The city was established in August 1984, covering a total area of 685 square kilometers, with jurisdiction over 4 streets, 2 towns and 6 townships. There are 111 administrative villages and 33 community neighborhood committees in the city. In 2016, the total population of Hotan city is 389749, with 88% of the ethnic minorities and 12% of the Han nationality. It is a multi-ethnic city composed of 21 ethnic groups including Uygur, Han, Hui and Kazak. It is known as the "Jade City" and "carpet town".

Hotan city has profound historical and cultural heritage, special geographical location and rich products. It used to be an important town along the South Road of the ancient Silk Road, and also the hometown of Hotan jade. It is famous for its rich production of "old three treasures" silk, handmade wool carpet, Hotan jade and "new three treasures" Uighur medicine, Dayun (Cistanche tubulosa) and donkey hide gelatin. In 2011, the city's GDP was 3517.73 million yuan.

Evolution of organizational system

Hetian county was established in 1913. Once called Huodan, wuduan and Hutan, they are all different translations of the same name. It originated from Khotan, which is the name of ancient Yuchi tribe. It means "Yuyi" in Tibetan. It means "fence", "livestock pen" or "blockhouse" in Hindi. The western regions of the Tang Dynasty is called Qu sadana, which means "Di ru" in Sanskrit. In 1959, Khotan was simplified to Hotan.

Hotan has a long history. The Han Dynasty is one of the 36 states in the western regions. The two Han books, Wei book, Sui book, new Tang book, old Tang book, new Five Dynasties History, Old Five Dynasties History, Song History and Ming history are all called Khotan. In the second year of shenjue in the Han Dynasty (60 BC), it was under the jurisdiction of the capital of the western regions.

In the second year of Shangyuan (675), the governor's office of pishadu was established, which was subordinate to the governor's office of Anxi. Located in Tian Town, it is one of the four towns in Anxi. The land should be the center of Tubo. The book of the new Tang Dynasty is called Xishan City.

The Northern Song Dynasty belongs to the karahan Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty belongs to the Western Liao Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty was the fiefdom of aluhu in Chagatai, where the office of the commander of the orduan mission was set up.

In Ming Dynasty, it was called Khotan again.

In 1759, the Qing government set up the Minister of Hetian affairs, which had jurisdiction over six cities, including erliqi, halahash, yulonghashi, zirra, keledia and tak. Guangxu nine years (1883) home and Khotan Zhili state, state governance of the eriqi (iliqi), under Kashgar road.

In 1913, Zhili Prefecture was changed into Hetian county. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Hetian road was set up, and Hetian county belongs to Hetian road. In 1928, it belonged to Hetian administrative region, and in 1943, it belonged to Hetian supervision region.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it belonged to Khotan special region in 1950. Hetian county was renamed Hetian County in 1959. After 1977, it belongs to Hotan area. In 1984, Hotan County was divided into Hotan city.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 2000, Hotan city governed four streets, one town and three townships: nurbage street, gujiangbage street, nalbage street, gulebag street, laskui Town, iliqi Township, shorwag Township and gujiangbage township.

In 2003, it has jurisdiction over four streets, one town and three townships, namely nurbage street, gujiangbage street, gulebag street, nalbage street, laskui Town, shoerbag Township, iliqi Township and gujiangbage township.

On July 11, 2006, a press conference was held in Hotan, Xinjiang, announcing that Jiya Township, Yulongkashi town and tusala Township in Luopu county were officially under the jurisdiction of Hotan city. After two townships and one town were put under the jurisdiction of Hotan City, the jurisdiction area of Hotan city became five townships, two towns, one management area, one industrial park and four streets.

Zoning details

In 2013, Hotan City governs 4 streets, 2 towns and 5 townships: nurbage street, gujiangbage street, gulebag street, nalbage street, laskui Town, Yulongkashi Town, shoerbag Township, iliqi Township, gujiangbage Township, tusala Township, Jiya Township and akeqiale township. There is an industrial park in the city: Beijing Industrial Park. The Municipal People's government is located in nurbage street.

geographical environment

Location context

Hotan city is located in the southernmost part of Xinjiang, between the Karakoram mountains and the Taklimakan Desert. Its geographical coordinates are between 79 ° 50 ′ 20 ″ e to 79 ° 56 ′ 40 ″ E and 36 ° 59 ′ 50 ″ n to 37 ° 14 ′ 23 ″ n, with a maximum width of 60 km from east to west and a maximum length of 200 km from north to south. The total area is 585.11 square kilometers. Hotan is located in the southwest of Tarim Basin, in the oasis of Yulongkashi River (Hotan River). Nearby rivers are Keriya River, Niya River and yatongguzi river. The north is Taklimakan Desert, and the south is Kunlun Mountains.

topographic features

Hotan city is high in the South and low in the north, wide in the north and narrow in the south, and inclined from south to north. It is the alluvial plain of karakashi River and Yulongkashi river. The altitude is between 1300-1450 meters.

climate

Hotan city has a arid and desert climate, with an average annual precipitation of 35 mm and an average annual evaporation of 2480 mm. It is windy and sandy in four seasons, with more than 220 days of floating dust weather every year, and about 60 days of dense floating dust (sandstorm) weather. According to the determination of the environmental protection department, there is no class I or II weather in Hotan, 28 days for class III and class IV weather, and more than 300 days for class V weather, with an average monthly dust fall of 124 tons / km2.

hydrology

Hotan River originates from Kunlun Mountain and Karakorum mountain and flows into Tarim River from south to north across Taklimakan Desert. It is the only river that passes through the hinterland of Taklimakan desert with a total length of 1127 km. Its upstream is composed of two tributaries originating from Kunlun Mountain, one is Yulong Kashi River and the other is karakashi river. The two rivers are called Hotan River and Hotan River after kuoshlashi confluence The downstream is a typical plain wandering river, with a wide and shallow riverbed, up to 5km in width and 1.5km in width. The river is meandering and has high sediment content, with an average annual sediment concentration of 9.85kg/m3.

natural resources

land resource

As of 2009, the total land area of Hotan city is 743753.0 mu (excluding the newly assigned two townships and one town), including 529693.0 mu of agricultural land. Among them, there are 89946.7 mu of cultivated land, 7055.7 mu of garden land, 20289.4 mu of forest land, 393738.1 mu of pasture land and 18663.1 mu of other agricultural land. The construction land area is 70382.5 mu. Among them, there are 64800.1 mu of industrial and mining land in residential areas, 3255.3 mu of transportation land and 2327.1 mu of water conservancy facilities land. The unused land area is 143677.5 mu. There are 123227.4 Mu unused land and 20450.1 Mu other land.

mineral resources

By the end of 2010, three kinds of mineral products have been identified and developed in Hotan City, including construction sand, clay and aeolian sand. Construction sand and stone are distributed along both sides of Yulongkashi River, Yulongkashi Town, YILIQI Township, Jiya Township and tusala township; clay is distributed in gujiangbage Township, YILIQI Township, tusala Township, laskui Town, Jiya Township, xiaoerbage Township and Yulongkashi township; aeolian sand is distributed in Yulongkashi Town, YILIQI Township, Jiya Township, tusala Township and gujiangbage township.

water resource

The annual runoff of rivers and rivers flowing through Hotan city is more than 7.3 billion cubic meters. The total length of Hotan River is 1127 km (with karakashi River as the source), the main stream is 319 km long, and the average annual runoff is 4.45 billion cubic meters.

Political system

Ge Biao, deputy secretary of Hotan Prefecture Party committee and Secretary of Hotan municipal Party committee

Deputy Secretary of the municipal Party committee and mayor: re xiati mushajiang

Economic overview

comprehensive

In 2011, the GDP of Hotan city was 3517.73 million yuan, an increase of 23.7% over 2010. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 335.74 million yuan, an increase of 0.8% over 2010, the added value of the secondary industry was 1225.52 million yuan, an increase of 37% over 2010, and the added value of the tertiary industry was 1950.47 million yuan, an increase of 19.7% over 2010. The proportion of the three major industries in GDP is 9.6% in the primary industry, 34.9% in the secondary industry and 55.5% in the tertiary industry. The annual per capita GDP was 10927 yuan, a net increase of 2600 yuan over 2010.

In 2011, the urban general budget revenue was 418.65 million yuan. Among them, the general budget revenue of municipal finance was 322.72 million yuan, an increase of 26.18%. Among them, the tax revenue was 279.65 million yuan, an increase of 9.45%. In terms of tax categories, the value-added tax revenue was 19.75 million yuan, an increase of 19.62%. Business tax revenue was 139.01 million yuan, an increase of 29.17%. The enterprise income tax was 16.39 million yuan, an increase of 49.54%. Personal income tax was 29.58 million yuan, an increase of 36.3%, resource tax was 110000 yuan, an increase of 54.54%, urban maintenance and construction tax was 14.69 million yuan, an increase of 27.12%, real estate tax was 8.57 million yuan, an increase of 19.86%, stamp tax was 2.83 million yuan, an increase of 48.16%, urban land use tax was 5.22 million yuan, a decrease of 0.03%, vehicle and ship tax was 12.22 million yuan, an increase of 0.03%