Huanglong County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

Huanglong County Huanglong County, belonging to Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, is located in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, in the north central part of Shaanxi Province, southeast edge of Yan'an City. It is adjacent to Luochuan in the west, Baishui, Chengcheng and Heyang in the south, Hancheng in the East and Yichuan in the north. It is between 35 ° 24 ′ 05 "- 36 ° 02 ′ 1" n and 109 ° 38 ′ 49 "- 110 ° 16 ′ 49" E, 69.754 km long from north to South and 62.195 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 2752 square kilometers.

The skull fossils of "Huanglong man" excavated in Huanglong county about 50000 years ago fill a gap in the history of human development in China, and the largest stone Tomahawk of Neolithic Age in China has been discovered. There are many Yangshao cultural sites, ancient temples and cliff grottoes. In the 1920s, Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, Guo Baoshan and other revolutionary ancestors carried out revolutionary activities here, which is one of the birthplaces of the red 25 army. The famous northwest great victory, the battle of wazijie, started here. This battle is also the turning point of the PLA's transformation from strategic defense to strategic counterattack.

Huanglong county is one of the eight protective forest areas in China and one of the five Dalin areas in Shaanxi Province. It is known as the "green pearl", "Yellow River Oasis" and "one leaf lung of Shaanxi" on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi. The forest coverage rate is 87%, the forest grass coverage rate is as high as 92%, there are 1012 kinds of plants and 225 kinds of animals, among which 6 kinds of national protected animals are represented by brown eared pheasant. The average content of negative oxygen ions in the air can reach 6000 / cm3, and the highest can reach 15000-18000 / cm3 from July to September every year. With an average annual water resources of 154 million cubic meters, it is an important water conservation and soil and water conservation area in the province.

In 2018, Huanglong County governs 5 towns and 2 townships with a total population of 50000, realizing a GDP of 1.703 billion yuan, and the annual three industrial structure is 26.8:9.7:63.5.

Historical evolution

Huanglong county was an imperial prescription in Shang Dynasty.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was the activity area of Zhou people.

In the early spring and Autumn period, it was the Baizhai tribal area. In the 10th year of emperor Wengong of Qin Dynasty (756 B.C.), binghe was built near Gaoshan (now Liangjiashan) in the east of Sancha, Huanglong. The 20th year of Duke Huan of Jin Dynasty (369 BC) belongs to Jin Dynasty. After Han, Zhao and Wei divided into Jin, Huanglong belonged to Wei.

In the Warring States period, in the 10th year of emperor Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (328 BC), fifteen cities in the upper County of Weina belonged to Qin, and Huanglong was under the jurisdiction of Qin.

In the Qin Dynasty, in 221 BC, the first emperor of Qin unified China. Huanglong belonged to Shangjun in the north and NEISHI in the southeast.

In the Western Han Dynasty, in 206 BC, the first year of emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, and set up Jingzhao, Zuo Fengyi, and you Fufeng as Sanfu. Huanglong belonged to Zuo Fengyi.

This is the reason of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the northern part of Huanglong was Xiongnu District, and the southeastern part was Fengyi County of Wei.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern part of Huanglong belonged to qianghu, the central part belonged to Fengyi County of Yongzhou. In history, Huanglongshan has always been known as "Feng Yi barrier". In the later Qin Dynasty (384-417), the central and northwest parts of Huanglong were under the jurisdiction of mincheng county and Luochuan County.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Huanglong was under the jurisdiction of beihuazhou, Fucheng County in the west, Yichuan County in the northeast, Xiayang County, Yingyang county and Chengcheng County in the southeast.

In the Tang Dynasty, the central and western part of Huanglong was under the jurisdiction of Fangzhou and Bingcheng County, the northwest part was under the jurisdiction of Luochuan County, the northeast part was under the jurisdiction of Danzhou and Yichuan County, and the south part was under the jurisdiction of Hancheng, Yingyang and Chengcheng counties in Tongzhou.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the central and western parts of Huanglong belonged to mincheng county and Luochuan County, the southeast to Hancheng County, Yingyang county and Chengcheng County, and the north to Yichuan County. In the second year of Kangding (1041), Fan Zhongyan refused Xixia and guarded Yan'an. On the ground of the hardship of the people's movement, he asked to build a city as an army and gave an imperial edict to "Kangding army". Today, Sancha is the base of the army.

In the first year of Jingkang (1126), the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, and Huanglong was the territory of the Jin people in the same region as the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, Huanglong was located in the east of Luochuan County, Yan'an Prefecture, Shaanxi Province, the south of Yichuan County, and the northwest of Hancheng, Yingyang and Chengcheng counties, Xi'an Prefecture.

In the early Qing Dynasty, in the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Bingzhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture along the Ming Dynasty. Huanglong is in the south of Yichuan County in Yan'an Prefecture, in the east of minzhou and Luochuan counties in Zhili Prefecture, and in the northwest of Hancheng County, Yingyang county and Chengcheng County in Tongzhou Prefecture, extending to the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938).

On January 1, 1938, the office of Huanglongshan reclamation area in Shaanxi Province was established, including Huangzi District, Longzi District, Shanzi District, Kenzi district and Quzi district. Under the District, there is a security, and under the security, there is a security. On May 1, 1939, it was renamed the state-owned administration of Huanglongshan reclamation area in Shaanxi Province. In the thirtieth year of the Republic of China (1941), on February 16, Shaanxi Huanglong Administration Bureau was established, which was established at the county level. On October 2, 1947, Huanglong was liberated for the first time and Huanglong county was established under the jurisdiction of Huanglong District of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government. On March 1, 1948, the battle of wazijie came to an end. Huanglong county was liberated for the second time and was subordinate to the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region. Under the jurisdiction of Yan'an District Commissioner's office.

In November 1958, Huanglong county was abolished and its jurisdiction was divided into Luochuan, Yichuan, Hancheng and other counties. On September 15, 1961, the system of Huanglong county was restored.

administrative division

Division evolution

On October 2, 1947, Huanglong was liberated for the first time and Huanglong county was established under the jurisdiction of Huanglong District of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government. On March 1, 1948, Huanglong county was liberated for the second time. It belonged to the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region and was under the jurisdiction of the Yan'an District Commissioner's office.

In 1958, Huanglong county was abolished and its jurisdiction was divided into Luochuan, Yichuan, Hancheng and other counties. On September 15, 1961, the system of Huanglong county was restored. After the second liberation of Huanglong, a total of 10 districts and 65 townships were established.

By the end of 1990, Huanglong county had jurisdiction over 13 townships, 111 administrative villages and 831 natural villages, of which 296 were uninhabited. At the end of 2002, the original brick Miao Liang Township, Xiao Si Zhuang Township and Cao Dian Township were abolished after the township was removed to build a town.

In 2011, jietoumiao Township and fanjiazhuozi Township were abolished, jietoumiao township was merged, Baiyu township was merged into baimatan Town, Hongshiya township was merged into Shibao Town, and three community service centers, namely fanjiazhuozi, Baiyu and Hongshiya, were established. There are 4 towns, 3 townships and 3 communities in Huanglong.

Current situation of regionalization

As of 2018, Huanglong county has 5 towns and 2 townships. The people's Government of Huanglong county is located in Shibao town.

geographical environment

Location context

Huanglong county is located in the south-east of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi and the boundary of Weibei secondary tableland. It is located in the north of central Shaanxi Province and the southeast edge of Yan'an area. It is between 35 ° 24 ′ 05 "- 36 ° 02 ′ 1" n and 109 ° 38 ′ 49 "- 110 ° 16 ′ 49" E, 69.754 km long from north to South and 62.195 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 2752 square kilometers. Hancheng City in the East, Heyang County, Chengcheng County and Baishui County in the south, Luochuan County in the West and Yichuan County in the north. The people's Government of Huanglong county is located in Shibao Town, 223 kilometers away from the provincial capital Xi'an, 121 kilometers away from Hancheng City in the East, 68 kilometers away from Heyang County and Chengcheng County in the southeast, 73 kilometers away from Baishui County in the southwest, 83 kilometers away from Luochuan County in the West, 85 kilometers away from Yichuan County in the north, and 246 kilometers away from Yan'an, where it is located.

topographic features

The stratum in Huanglong county is Ordos platform, which is located in the southernmost edge of the structural basin in Northern Shaanxi. The fold and fault are very undeveloped, and it is a gentle monocline with a dip angle of 1-3 ° to the north. There are small gentle folds in some parts, and the faults are mainly normal faults with small offset, mostly concentrated in the southeast of the county.

The landform of Huanglong county belongs to the type of loess landform with ravines. The county belongs to this type of Rocky Mountain, with a nne-sw trend, with an elevation of about 1500 meters. Daling, the main peak of Huanglong Mountain, forms a uplift on the Ordos platform, which is the watershed between the left branch of the Yellow River and the right branch of Beiluo River. It is the birthplace of shibaochuan, JuShui, getaichuan, etc . The water system is radial. The 11 mountain ridges represented by daling, Guanshan, jietouliang and langkeshan cut the whole county into 7 rivers, 5 plateaus and 98 gullies. The terrain is gently inclined from the main ridge to the East and west sides. Daling to langkeshan is the main ridge from the east to the west, and the two sides are gently inclined to the north and south. Foyeling to jietoumiao is also east-west. The whole landform is a gully system composed of tableland, ridge and hill. Gullies intersect, forming the northern soil low mountain area, the southwest loess plateau area and the southeast rocky low mountain area.

Climatic characteristics

Huanglong county has a monsoon continental mountain climate. In winter, affected by cold high pressure and polar continental air mass in Mongolia, the weather is cold and dry with little precipitation. In spring, the influence of the warm air mass is strengthened, the temperature rises rapidly, more gales appear, and the precipitation increases relatively. In summer, affected by Mongolia cyclone and Pacific Subtropical Ocean air mass, the weather is warm and rainy, with concentrated precipitation and multiple paroxysmal weather. The precipitation is the highest in the whole year. The cold and warm air appears alternately in autumn, and the temperature decreases slowly at the beginning of autumn. Due to the topography, there is a great difference in temperature between North and south, East and West, with an average annual temperature of 7.6-10.2 ℃. Among them, fanjiazhuozi Township and baimatan town are the hottest, while Yaoxian township is the coldest. The average temperature of the hottest month is 21.5 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 36.7 ℃, the average temperature of the coldest month is - 5.7 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 23.7 ℃, and the annual range is 27.2 ℃. The frost free period is 126-186 days, with a difference of 60 days between the north and the south. The annual precipitation is about 600 mm, and the precipitation in the northwest is more than that in the southeast.