Luochuan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

Luochuan County Luochuan County is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province, China. South of Yan'an City. (109 ° 13 ′ 14 ″ - 109 ° 45 ′ 47 ″ e, 35 ° 26 ′ 29 ″ - 36 ° 04 ′ 12 ″ n). The county covers an area of 1804 square kilometers, with a permanent population of 229600 (2016), mainly Han nationality. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Minxian county was set up, and the Xiongnu of Wei and Jin Dynasties came into power. In the eighth year of Yao Changjian's reign in the later Qin Dynasty (393), Luochuan County was set up in the north of Minxian county. After several times of relocation, the name of the county is still used today.

In March 2019, it was listed as the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area sub County list. On July 29, 2020, it will be included in the National Health township (county) naming list of 2017-2019 cycle.

Evolution of organizational system

The name of Luochuan County dates back to the period of Yao Chang (393) in the later Qin Dynasty.

Xia (about 21-16th century BC) is said to belong to Yongzhou.

Shang Dynasty (about 16-11 century BC) is the territory of Xihe state.

The Western Zhou Dynasty (about 11th century B.C. - 771 B.C.) belonged to the active area of Yuyu tribe.

The Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770-256 BC) and the spring and Autumn period were the active areas of Baidi. In the early Warring States period, it was under the jurisdiction of Zhao and Wei (from Ma Changshou and Tan Qixiang), and in the later period, it was under the jurisdiction of Qin Shangjun.

Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), set up the county of man (near the city of man), belongs to the county. The northeast part of the county belongs to dingyang county.

In the Western Han Dynasty (206-8 B.C.) and the first year of Gaozu (206 B.C.), Xiang Yu entered the pass and granted Qin general Dong Yi the title of King Zhai (who ruled gaonu, now near Yan'an). The county belongs to the state of Zhai. Liu Bang destroyed Zhai, and the county belonged to Zuo Fengyi (now Dali). Xinmang county was changed into Xiuling county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), Xiuling county was withdrawn and merged into dingyang County, which belongs to Shangjun county.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties (220-417) and the Three Kingdoms period, it was gradually occupied by Xiongnu and Diqiang, and counties were abolished. In the Western Jin Dynasty and the former Qin Dynasty, it was called Minxian county. In 393, Luochuan County was set up in the north of Minxian county (named after Luoshui flowing through it), and Minxian County belonged to East Qinzhou.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties (420-581), the Northern Wei Dynasty changed the name of man to Fu, and set up Fu Chengjun. Lingfucheng County, Luochuan County and dingyang County belong to beihuazhou, which was changed by Eastern Qinzhou. During the reign of Taiping Zhenjun (440-451), Luochuan County moved to Gaohuai (Angong village, 5 km northeast of the county). In 534 ad, the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the eastern and Western Wei dynasties. Luochuan County belonged to the Western Wei Dynasty. In the Western Wei Dynasty, beihuazhou was changed to Bingzhou, and Fucheng County belonged to it. As a result, the Northern Zhou Dynasty remained unchanged.

In the Sui Dynasty (581-615), Luochuan County government moved from Gaohuai to Jiuxian in the second year of kaihuang (582). In 583, Fucheng County became Fuzhou, and still led to two counties, Fucheng and Luochuan. Sixteen years (596) divided into three Sichuan, Luochuan County to Luojiao County, Luojiao county is under the jurisdiction of minzhou (now Fu County). In the first year of Daye (605), mincheng county was changed into Fucheng County, and "Fu" was changed into "Wen", and mincheng county and Luochuan County were restored. In the third year of Daye (667), mincheng county was changed to Shangjun County, which led to mincheng County, Luochuan County and Luojiao county. The county was moved from Xingcheng county (now Houzhuang of Huangling County) to wujiaocheng county (now Fuxian county).

In Tang Dynasty (618-907), mincheng county (changed to zhaizhou at the end of Tang Dynasty) belonged to Fangzhou; Luochuan County belonged to minzhou.

In the Five Dynasties (907-960), Chenzhou (reformed by Luochuan County) belonged to Chenzhou; Xizhou (reformed by zhaizhou in the third year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty) and Zhaohua county (reformed by Xizhou). In the first year of Tongguang (923) in the later Tang Dynasty, Zhaohua county was changed into mincheng County, belonging to minzhou.

In Song Dynasty (960-1127), mincheng county and kangdingjun (changed from mincheng County in the second year of Kangding); Luochuan County was under the jurisdiction of minzhou, Yongxing military road.

Jin (1127-1234), mincheng County, Luochuan County, belongs to Minyan road and minzhou, later belongs to Yan'an Road and minzhou.

In the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), Luochuan County (in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the county was abandoned and merged into Luochuan) belonged to Yan'an Road.

In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Luochuan County was located in Yanzhou, Yan'an Prefecture, Hexi Road, Shaanxi Province.

In the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), in the third year of Yongzheng reign in Luochuan County, Bingzhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture, and Luochuan belonged to it. Qianlong 33 years (1763), the county moved from the old county to the present Fengqi town.

In the early years of the Republic of China, it belonged to Yulin road in Shaanxi Province. In 1927, it was withdrawn from Yulin road and was directly under the provincial government. In 1935, the third administrative supervision area was set up in Luochuan County, which governed Luochuan County and other counties. In 1941, about 1022 square kilometers in the east of Luochuan County belonged to Huanglong county.

Luochuan was liberated in April 1948, and it was subordinate to Huanglong District of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government. It was changed to Luochuan County of Yan'an City in Shaanxi Province in 1950.

administrative division

Luochuan County originally governed 5 towns and 14 townships: Fengqi Town, Jiuxian Town, jiaokouhe Town, Laomiao Town, Tuji Town, Puti Township, huangzhang Township, hongfuliang Township, Yongxiang Township, houzitou Township, Jingzhao Township, Yangshu Township, huaibai Township, Shiquan Township, Wushi Township, Qinguan Township, Baiyi Township, Shitou Township and Zhuniu township.

In 2000, Luochuan County had jurisdiction over 6 towns and 13 townships.

In 2010, Luochuan has a total of 7 towns, 5 townships, 4 communities and 1 sub district office: Fengqi Town, Jiuxian Town, jiaokouhe Town, Laomiao Town, huaibai Town, Tuji Town, Shitou Town, Puti Township, huangzhang Township, Yongxiang Township, Yangshu Township, Zhuniu Township, Jingzhao community, Shiquan community, Qinguan community, Baiyi community and Fengqi sub district office.

In 2015, after the withdrawal of villages and towns, it was under the jurisdiction of 7 towns, 1 Township and 1 sub district office.

geographical environment

position

Luochuan County is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province and the south of Yan'an area. It is located in the gully area of Weibei Loess Plateau, between Qiaoshan and Qiaoshan forest belt. It is 109 ° 133 ′ 144 ″ - 109 ° 45 ′ 47 ″ e, 355 ° 266 ′ 2929 ″ - 36636 ° 04 ′ 12 ″ n, Fuxian and Yichuan in the north, Baishui in the south, Huanglong Mountain in the East, Huangling and Yijun in the West. The county seat is 240 km away from Xi'an, 135 km away from Yan'an administrative office and 1350 km away from Beijing.

landforms

The east of Luochuan County is bounded by Huanglong Mountain, the West foot of Huanglong Mountain range in Huanglong county. This mountain extends from Pushi mountain in the east of Fuxian county. It is divided into three branches in Luochuan County. In 1940, this area was under the jurisdiction of Huanglong county. Only baiqishan (baijisimao), a branch of Gaomiao mountain in the north, is 1481.8 meters above sea level. Langke mountain and bingchou mountain, the branches of the middle trunk, are still in Luochuan, bordering Huanglong county. Huanglong Mountain, located in the south-east of the county, borders Baishui. It is 1196 meters above sea level and stretches for tens of miles. The terrain inclines from northeast to southwest, with altitude of 650-1481m, gully cutting depth of 100-200m, main gully gradient of 1%, 767 gullies over 1km, and gully density of 1.2km/km2.

climate

Luochuan County belongs to the north temperate continental humid and drought prone monsoon climate. The territory has a mild climate and abundant solar radiation energy, with an average annual temperature of 9.2 degrees, an annual precipitation of 622 mm, a frost free period of 167 days, sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, and hot rain in the same season.

resources

mineral products

According to the records of the old records and the new discoveries, the Luochuan mineral deposits are as follows:

coal

It is found that the areas with exposed coal seams and coal lumps include laozhuanghe in Yongxiang, linjiagou in Jiuxian Town, Yulin River in Puti Town, huanglianhe in Tuji Town, Shuangmiao village in huangzhang Town, zaocigou in Fengqi Town, etc. However, no planned exploration has been carried out, so the reserves are unknown. In June of the Republic of China (1943), the county set up a coal plant with 200000 yuan of private equity capital to mine in zaocigou and huanglianhe. Due to poor technology and insufficient equipment, the coal plant was abandoned. In 1949, another mining (shaft sinking) was carried out in Huanglian River, which stopped because the coal seam was too thin.

lime

People in Yongxiang and other places used gully stones to make lime. Although it can be used, the quality is poor.

Blue Earth

There is blue soil in the gully of wangjiamao in huaibai Township and zhengjiahe in Yongxiang township. I don't know if there are any other uses.

Clay

It is produced in the gully of dujiahe in Yongxiang township. It is fine and sticky, and can be used to brush walls. It is the raw material for firing magnetic ware.

Botany

Woodland area is 664431 mu, timber volume is 1274936.2 m3, gross growth rate is 37.3%, net growth rate is 2%, annual net growth rate is 0.037 m3 / mu, equivalent area is 28856.1 mu, scattered trees equivalent area is 1173 mu, timber volume is 207009.4 m3. The grassland area is 971454.1 mu, the vegetation coverage is 50% - 80%, and the average grass yield per mu is 160 kg. There are 25258 mu of artificial grassland, including 6378 mu of alfalfa, 1536.45 kg of fresh grass per mu, 4980 mu of Astragalus adsurgens, 311.3 kg of grass per mu. More than 500 mu of medicinal materials are planted, mainly distributed in Dongjing village of Yongxiang Township, Han village, Qiaozi street and Zhuniu township of Laomiao town.

animal

Raising animals: cattle, donkeys, mules, horses, sheep, etc.

Wild animals: hedgehog, hare, wolf, weasel, badger, leopard, wild boar, yellow sheep, wild sheep, sheep deer, beaver, hamster, etc

Birds: sparrow, cuckoo, Finch, lark, pheasant (pheasant), pheasant, woodpecker, owl, wild duck, mandarin duck, maxique, huolianban, swallow, quail, Zhaoze tit, etc.

population

In 1383, there were 8960 households and 82227 people in Luochuan. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, due to frequent wars and epidemics, the number of households decreased sharply to 788 in 1660, with 1644 people. During the reign of emperor Kangyong, rendingyin was incorporated into Tianfu, and the population never increased