Longyang District, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province

Longyang District Longyang District belongs to Baoshan City, Yunnan Province. It is located in the tail of Nujiang Mountain vein, in Gaoligong Mountain range, between Lancang River and Nujiang River.

Longyang District covers a total area of 5011 square kilometers, of which mountainous and semi mountainous areas account for 92.6% of the total area. By 2017, Longyang District has jurisdiction over 6 streets, 5 towns and 10 townships (4 of which are ethnic townships). Longyang District, known as the "granary of Western Yunnan", has been listed as "Oriental tobacco production base", "coffee production base", "national sugar base" and "mango production base" by the state and Yunnan Province.

On February 2, 2019, it was rated as the county-level advanced unit of Chinese medicine by the State Administration of traditional Chinese medicine. On September 20, 2019, it won the honorary title of national greening model unit. On December 31, 2019, it will be selected as a typical county of rural innovation and entrepreneurship in China. On May 17, 2020, it will officially withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

In 2020, the GDP of Longyang District will reach 39.396 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 5.2% in terms of comparable prices. The growth rates will rise by 13.2%, 4.2% and 2.5 percentage points respectively compared with the first quarter (- 8.0%), the first half of the year (1.0%) and the first three quarters (2.7%).

Historical evolution

At least 3000 years ago, the Dai ancestors had established the tribal state "mengzhang" in Baoshan Basin (Longyang basin) (Dai language "Meng" means "place, country", "Zhang" means "image", "mengzhang" means "land of image" and "country of image"); Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, described "mengzhang" as "Chengxiang state" in his historical records.

In 425 BC, the small Dai tribal states in the middle and upper reaches of Lancang River and Nujiang river formed an alliance state with "mengzhang" as the center, "mengzhang" was called "mengdaguang" (namely "Daguang state") by other small states. This alliance state was described as "Ailao state" (Ailao is the variant of "Ailong") in Chinese classics such as Huayang national records and Houhanshu, and the Dai language in later period was changed The ancient books describe this alliance country as "Daguang country".

In 109 B.C., the Han Dynasty conquered Yunnan, Kunming, Yi and other countries and tribes to set up Yizhou County, and extended its power into the territory of "mengdaguang" (Ailao state). The counties (strongholds) of Buwei, Yi Tang, Bisu, and Xilong were included in Yizhou county. Later, "mengdaguang" moved the royal city from "mengzhang" (Baoshan Basin) in the east of Nujiang River to "MengMian" (Tengchong basin) in the west of Nujiang River to avoid the invasion The threat of the Han Dynasty.

In 47 A.D., Zhao Daguang (Ailao king) sent his son Xian Li to visit the governor of Yueyi County in the Han Dynasty and asked him to convey his intention of belonging to the emperor of the Han Dynasty. In the same year, Meng Daguang (Ailao state) became a subsidiary state of the Han Dynasty.

In 69 ad, "Zhao Da Guang" (Ailao king) Liu Mao, with his 77 kings, more than 50000 families and more than 550000 people, was completely incorporated into the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty divided Ailao prefecture (east of Nujiang River to Erhai Lake) which was occupied in the early period and established Yongchang County with Ailao prefecture (West of Nujiang River) which was subordinated in the later period. Yongchang County governs Ailao County, Buwei County, Yitang County, Bisu County, Bonan County, Xilong county and Ye County Yuxian County, Yunnan county and other 8 counties and dozens of subordinate cities; Yongchang County is set up in "Yunzhang" (meaning "Xiangcheng" in Dai language) in "mengzhang", a Bonan county is separated between Bisu and the evil dragon, Ailao county is set up in "mengdaguang" territory to the west of Nujiang River, and Yongchang County is led by eight counties and belongs to "zhaodaguang" (Ailao king) and Yongchang Prefecture Longyang District to the west of Nujiang River belongs to Ailao County, and Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belongs to Buwei county.

In AD 76, zhaodaguang (Ailao king) rebelled; in AD 77, the Han Dynasty sent out a large army to counter the rebellion, "zhaodaguang" (Ailao king) led the remnant to move westward to Nujiang River for development, and then established "Shan State" in the Irrawaddy River Basin; Longyang District to the West of Nujiang River belonged to mengdaguang (Shan State), and Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belonged to Buwei County, Yongchang County of Han Dynasty.

In 225 ad, the Shuhan Dynasty pacified nanzhong and still established Yongchang County; Longyang District to the west of Nujiang River belongs to mengdaguang (Shan State), and Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belongs to Buwei County of Yongchang County.

In 299 ad, the Dai leaders of mengzhang (Baoshan Basin) fought against the Central Plains Dynasty, and Yongchang County was moved to Yongshou County in the Western Jin Dynasty; Longyang District to the west of Nujiang River belongs to mengdaguang (Shan State), and Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belongs to mengzhang.

In 420 ad, the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the Song Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Qi Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) and other mainland dynasties gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau; after Chen Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), the mainland dynasties completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau; Longyang District to the west of Nujiang River belongs to mengdaguang (Shan State), and Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belongs to mengzhang.

In 586 ad, "mengdaguang" (Shan State) was destroyed by the PYU people, and the Dai leaders of mengmao (Ruili River valley basin) united with the Dai leaders around to form an alliance state, "mengguo zhanbi" (Qianguo zhanbi state) to fight against the PYU people and inherit the territory of "mengdaguang"; Longyang District to the west of Nujiang River belongs to "mengguo zhanbi" (Qianguo zhanbi state), and Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belongs to "mengguo zhanbi state"“ Mengzhang.

In 738 ad, the Dai people of mengshe (Weishan basin) came to the Erhai Basin and unified the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake to establish Nanzhao state; in 762 ad, the king of Nanzhao "opened to the west" and annexed "mengguo zhanbi" (Qianguo zhanbi state), and set up Yongchang Jiedu and Zhenxi Jiedu in the west of Lancang River; Longyang District belongs to Yongchang Jiedu of Nanzhao state.

In 902 ad, Nanzhao Kingdom perished, and then the dachanghe Kingdom, datianxingguo Kingdom, dayining Kingdom and Dali Kingdom, which were established in Erhai Basin, all occupied Yongchang land; in 954 ad, the Dai chieftains in the west of Nujiang River United to restore mengguozhanbi (consequence zhanbi Kingdom), respected Dali as menghuoxiang (the country of gems), and called themselves menghuohan (the country of gold); in 1096 ad, Dali was founded The state abolished military jurisdiction such as Jiedu and Dudu, and set up eight prefectures, four counties and four towns. The former Yongchang Jiedu was set up in Yongchang Prefecture; Longyang District to the west of Nujiang River belongs to mengguo zhanbi (consequence zhanbi state), and Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belongs to Yongchang Prefecture of Dali state.

In 1254, Mongolia destroyed Dali state, and set up military and political areas of wanhu, Qianhu and Baihu respectively; in 1257, Yongchang Qianhu was set up in Yongchang Prefecture of Dali state, which was subordinate to wanhu of Dali; in 1261, Jinchi was set up in Yongchang Qianhu prefecture to manage all kinds of chieftains attached to the West and south of Yongchang Qianhu Prefecture Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belongs to Yongchang qianhusuo, and Longyang District to the west of Nujiang River belongs to Jinchi.

In 1274, the Yuan Dynasty changed wanhu, Qianhu, Baihu and other military and political areas into administrative regions at all levels, such as roads, prefectures, prefectures, and counties. Yongchang Qianhu was changed into Yongchang prefecture (later upgraded to Yongchang prefecture), which belongs to Dali road. In 1278, Jinchi and other pacification departments were divided into two Xuanfu departments, each with three roads under its jurisdiction. Longyang District to the east of Nujiang River belongs to Dali Road, Yongchang Prefecture, and Longyang District to the west of Nujiang River belongs to Rouyuan road.

In 1286, several Xuanfu divisions in the west of Yunnan Province were merged into Xuanfu divisions in Jinchi of Dali, where Xuanfu envoys were stationed in Yongchang and governed the west of Yunnan Province; in 1291, Xuanfu divisions in Jinchi of Dali were upgraded to marshal mansion in Jinchi of Dali, which still governed Yongchang and governed the West of Yunnan Province; Longyang District was still under Yongchang mansion and Rouyuan road of Dali road.

In 1312, sihanfa, the Dai leader of mengmao (Ruilijiang River valley basin), annexed the surrounding areas and established mengmaonong (Luchuan state in Chinese translation); in 1316, mengmaonong expanded eastward and occupied Yongchang; Longyang District belongs to mengmaonong (Luchuan state).

In 1355, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was attached to the Yuan Dynasty, where pingmian xuanweisi was set up; Longyang District belonged to pingmian xuanweisi.

In 1382, the Ming Dynasty set up Yongchang Prefecture and other administrative regions in the west of Nujiang River in mengmaonong (pingmian xuanweisi); in 1384, mengmaonong was subordinated to the Ming Dynasty under pressure, and Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi was set up in the area; in 1385, jinyawei commanding department was set up in Yongchang prefecture (responsible for the military defense of Yongchang Prefecture and Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi); in 1390, jiejinyawei was appointed In 1403, the military and civil Command Department of Jinchi set up Jinchi garrison qianhusuo in the southern part of Gaoligong Mountain, Yongchang garrison qianhusuo in the southern part of Nu mountain, and Tengchong garrison qianhusuo in the west of Longchuan River. Today, the west part of Nu River in Longyang District belongs to Luchuan pingmian Xuanwei department The east part of Nujiang River is under the jurisdiction of the military and civil Command Department of Jinchi, which is the defense area of Qianhu garrison in Yongchang.

In 1476 ad, the Ming Dynasty set up the jintengbing Road (supervision organization) under the jurisdiction of Jinchi military and civilian command department; in 1522 ad, the Jinchi military and civilian command department was changed and Yongchang military and civilian government was established; in 1524 ad, Baoshan county was set up directly under the jurisdiction of Yongchang military and civilian government; Longyang District was under the jurisdiction of Baoshan county and Lujiang pacification department.

In 1659 A.D., Zhao butai, the general of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and Guoan, the commander of the Tidu line, led the army into Yongchang Junmin mansion and carried out large-scale slaughtering (historically known as "the slaughter of Yongchang"). In 1765, Yongchang Junmin mansion was changed into Yongchang mansion, including Lingzhou 1 (Tengchong), Xian 2 (Baoshan, Yongping), tufu 1 (Mengding), tuzhou 2 (zhenkang, WanDian), Xuanfu Si 3 (Nandian, Ganya, Longchuan), deputy Xuanfu Si 2 (Zhanda, Zhefang), Anfu Si 3 (Lujiang, Mangshi, mengmao), and Shijun Si 2 (Husa, LASA). Now Longyang District belongs to Baoshan county and Lujiang pacification department.