Daotai Mansion

Harbin Guandao is also called Binjiang Guandao yamen, commonly known as Daotai mansion. Daotai Prefecture was the highest administrative organ in Harbin at that time. It was the last traditional yamen established by the feudal dynasty of China. At the beginning, its function was very small, only limited to railway negotiations and customs duties, without specific jurisdiction. In the later period, it was changed into "the northwest road of Jilin Province was divided into patrolling troops and preparing roads", which governed four prefectures, one hall and two counties. It began to become the northernmost power center of the Qing government, and was in charge of the political facilities and financial operation of Harbin and its surrounding prefectures and counties. The first Taoist was Du Xueying. According to relevant records, there was SA Yintu after Du Xueying. Later, Shi Zhaoji, Yu Sixing, Guo Zongxi, Li Jiaao and other Taoist officials of the Qing government worked here one after another. Binjiang Road Department is located between the North 18th Street and the North 19th Street of Harbin Daowai District. It was built on August 12, 1907 at a cost of 300000 yuan.

Daotai Mansion

Harbin Guandao is also called Binjiang Guandao yamen, commonly known as Daotai mansion. Harbin was the highest administrative organ at that time. It was the last traditional yamen established by China's feudal dynasty. At the beginning, its function was very small, only limited to railway negotiations and customs duties, without specific jurisdiction.

brief introduction

Harbin Guandao is also called Binjiang Guandao yamen, commonly known as Daotai mansion. Harbin was the highest administrative organ at that time. It was the last traditional yamen established by China's feudal dynasty. At the beginning, its function was very small, only limited to railway negotiations and customs duties, without specific jurisdiction. In the later period, it was changed into "the northwest road of Jilin Province was divided into patrolling troops and preparing roads", which governed four prefectures, one hall and two counties. It began to become the northernmost power center of the Qing government, and was in charge of the political facilities and financial operation of Harbin and its surrounding prefectures and counties. The first Taoist was Du Xueying. According to relevant records, there was SA Yintu after Du Xueying. Later, Shi Zhaoji, Yu Sixing, Guo Zongxi, Li Jiaao and other Taoist officials of the Qing government worked here one after another. Binjiang Road Department is located between beishibadao street and beishibadao street in Daowai District of Harbin. It was built on August 12 of the lunar calendar in 1907 at a cost of 300000 yuan.

Harbin Guandao is a mixture of traditional Chinese architecture and local architecture in the north. It has a large scale, majestic momentum, covers an area of more than 28000 square meters, follows the feudal etiquette, and has a symmetrical layout. It is both civil and military, with the former Yamen and the latter bedroom. Its north-south axis is 70 feet long and its east-west axis is 45 feet wide. On the central axis, from the outside to the inside, there are Zhaobi, Damen, Yimen, lobby, Ertang, Zhaimen and Santang; on the east side, there are yamen temple, study, kitchen, gosh room and miscellaneous rooms. On the west side of the line, there are ice cellar, inspector hall, hongshanyi, Huihua hall and Huiyang hall. There are car shed, stable, teahouse, granary and so on in the courtyard wall. The whole building group is well arranged with reasonable structure.

Wall Photo

Bizhao is a traditional shelter, which is set opposite the Yamen. It was built according to the Taoist customs of the Han nationality, and is mainly used to ward off evil spirits. There are two kinds of traditional screen walls in our country. One is set inside the door to block people's sight and prevent the things inside the door from being seen by the outside world. The other is the screen wall in front of us. Ancient notices and proclamations are usually posted here.

The gate of Guan Road in Harbin is the most magnificent one in Daotai mansion. It stands on two three steps, with clear walls and grey tiles, black beams and vermilion gates. A stone lion is set on each side of the gate, which is enough to show its dignity. There are two corner gates on both sides of the gate. The east corner gate is called the entrance gate, also known as the Ximen gate, which is used by Daotai to get in and out at ordinary times. The west corner gate is called the ghost gate, also known as the peerless gate. It is usually closed and can't be opened. It can only be opened when the prisoner is put on trial, and the death row must also go through the ghost gate.

As the name suggests, Yimen in Harbin is the gate of etiquette. Since ancient times, China has a strict hierarchy, and there must be hierarchy between the top and the bottom. The door of the ceremony is usually closed and can only be opened when the Daotai takes office, when the guests are welcome, or when there are major celebrations. Moreover, on the first day of each Daotai's term of office, there is a ceremony to worship Yimen.

The six functional departments are called Liubu in the central government and Liufang in the local government. They are still zuowenjuwu, Liju East, Bingxing West, Lifang management. All the officials are promoted and transferred, which is now the Personnel Bureau. Hufang, also known as huliang house, is in charge They collect grain, pay taxes, turn it over to the state treasury, and deal with the relief and release of grain in the year of famine, which is equivalent to the current Grain Bureau; the ritual room is mainly in charge of Confucianism, education, celebration, sacrifice, etc.; the military room is mainly in charge of collecting soldiers, horses, training soldiers, transporting soldiers to the higher level, etc.; the workshop is in charge of sericulture, weaving, building water conservancy, casting silver, etc.

However, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, that is, 1906 (the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), after the five ministers were sent abroad to inspect the constitutionalism of various countries, the reform was carried out, and all the ministries changed. The Ministry of official affairs was directly under the cabinet, the Ministry of household affairs was changed into the Ministry of civil affairs and the Ministry of Finance (equivalent to the Ministry of Finance), the Ministry of rites was abolished, the temple was set up, and the Ministry of war was changed into the Ministry of army. The Ministry of punishment was changed into the Ministry of law (equivalent to the procuratorate). The Ministry of industry was changed into the Ministry of agriculture, industry and commerce. Therefore, the functions and names of the six rooms of Daotai prefecture were also adjusted. Before the completion of Daotai Prefecture, Cheng Dequan, a general of Heilongjiang Province, who took over India in November 1905, ordered that each department of Daotai Prefecture, prefecture, and county should not set up six branches, and that there should be no door sign, another secretary should be selected, and a committee member should be set up to take charge of it. Therefore, although the Department has six rooms, its name and functions have changed a lot.

lobby

The hall is the hall where Daotai handles major political affairs and presides over trials. It is also the place where major ceremonies are held and superior officials are welcomed. It is the first of the three main buildings on the Zhongzhou line of the government. Its architectural style and interior decoration are very spectacular. In front of the lobby, there is a Baoxia, with the word "public and honest" hanging on it, which clearly indicates that "one heart for the public, clean administration". On the pillars of the Baoxia, there is a couplet. The first couplet is: "seeing the grass and moss in front of the steps is nothing but business." the second couplet is "listening to the crows and magpies outside the wall, I'm afraid there will be a ghost."

In the center of the hall, there is a plaque with a bright mirror hanging high. There is a screen under it. On the screen, there is a picture of the sea facing the sun. The water is clear, the sun and the moon are pure and honest. This is the character and bearing of a Taoist platform. On the top of the screen, there is a flying cloud goose, which is the symbol of a four character official. The place in front of the screen, which is about one foot above the ground, is called Zuotai, where the Taoist platform sits when trying a case Fang, when the Daotai is trying a case, he sits in the middle of the back of the case, which is just the rising position of the screen. It means that the Daotai is at the height of the sun and has a clear vision. There are four treasures of the study, a signboard and a startling wood on the case table. The signboard is used by the Daotai to announce the judgment and issue orders. One is black, the other is red. Black is used for lighter punishment, just like playing board, red The order sign is only used when sentenced to death. Beside the case is a wooden frame with an official seal and a certificate of appointment. The hall displays the guard of honor of the Taoist and high footed signs such as "Silence" and "evasion". When the platform goes out on patrol, the Yamen officers hold high footed signs such as "Silence" and "evasion" to open the way in front. This is the warm Pavilion. The platform and the recorder walk into the main hall from here. On the East and west sides of the hall are the library and the bank. The library stores files and documents. The bank is equivalent to today's financial accounting room. It is the place to store the bank notes and account books needed for daily expenses and disaster relief.

Er Tang

The second hall is the place to deal with ordinary civil cases. The second hall is composed of main hall, East and West Wing rooms and East and West ear rooms. There are three big characters "Qing Qin Shen" hanging above the hall door. These three words are the basic requirements of the government for officials. "Qing" has two meanings: one is not to be greedy for money, not to accept bribes, not to receive a penny except one's own salary, and the other is to act in accordance with moral standards. "Diligence" means being dedicated and diligent in politics. "Cautiousness" means to be cautious in dealing with political and criminal affairs. We should not only have our own opinions and dare to insist, but also be legal, reasonable and reasonable. There are couplets on both sides of the column. The first couplet is "there is a blue sky on the head, and you must follow the natural principle when doing things". The second couplet is "there is barren land in front of you, and you don't want to scratch the land.". This couplet is straightforward and far-reaching. It is a common couplet used by the Qing government offices. Its significance lies in reminding and warning: as an official, one should have merit. Entering the second hall, the first thing you see is the word "fair and aboveboard". We have seen these four characters in the Forbidden City of Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi often wrote these four words in calligraphy to reward meritorious ministers, which is not only the ruling requirement of officials, but also a reminder that they should not engage in party affiliation and private activities behind the back of the court. There is a couplet hanging on both sides: the first couplet is "law without relatives, order without reason"; the second couplet is "reward and doubt only heavy, punishment and doubt only light". This couplet means that in front of the law, even relatives and friends can not be taken care of and biased, which emphasizes that everyone is equal before the law. But the treatment of reward and punishment needs humanization and humanization. In the hall, there are three meters of official cases, with "Silence" and "evasion" signs on both sides. There are four treasures of the study on the official cases. The Daotai is here to discuss and handle general affairs. East ear room Taoist tea break, West ear room collection of exotic treasures. The eastern chamber is a place for hospitality. Officials and gentlemen are the first to wait here when they meet Taoist officials. The word "benevolence" is hung on the door. Benevolence is the first of the five virtues in China's traditional moral standards. Be tolerant to others and appreciate the people's feelings. On both sides of the door, there is a couplet "sublimity is only in virtue and magnificence is not power", which means "sublimity and magnificence" are not external things, but in the noble virtue of officials. The west chamber is a place where Taoist officials receive officials and gentlemen and have tea and chat with them. Although it is tea and chat, it has nothing to do with politics and civil affairs. So the word "Ke Qin" is written on the top of the doorplate,