Laoshan National Forest Park

Nanjing Laoshan National Forest Park

synonym

Laoshan National Forest Park generally refers to Nanjing Laoshan National Forest Park

Nanjing Laoshan National Forest Park is located in Laoshan Forest Farm in the middle of Pukou District, Nanjing city. It runs across Pukou District, faces the Yangtze River in the South and the Chuhe River in the north. It is known as "Nanjing green lung and the Pearl of Jiangbei". It is a popular science education base and environmental education base in Jiangsu Province, and also the largest national forest park in Jiangsu Province.

Laoshan is the remnant of Huaiyang mountain range, traversing Pukou. There are hundreds of peaks, 35 km long from east to west and 15 km wide from north to south. It covers a total area of 7493.33 hectares, with a forest coverage rate of more than 80%. It is rich in negative oxygen ions in the air. It is not only the habitat of egrets and herons, but also the largest domestication base of grey Magpie in China.

Laoshan is famous for its beautiful mountains and numerous landscapes since ancient times. Its natural landscape is known as "forest, spring, stone and cave". The natural landscape and cultural landscape are integrated. Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of Song Dynasty, Xiao Yan, and his eldest sons, Prince Zhaoming and Han Xizai; Wang Anshi, Su Shi, and Qin Guan of Song Dynasty; Zhu Yuanzhang, Chen Xianzhang, and Zhuang Dingshan, the Taizu of Ming Dynasty; Li Hongzhang, Zhang Xun, and other celebrities in the late Qing Dynasty stop to visit Laoshan.

Geographical context

Nanjing Laoshan National Forest Park is located in Pukou District, Nanjing City, across the territory of Pukou District, known as "Nanjing green lung, Jiangbei pearl" reputation. Pukou high tech Zone in the East, the Yangtze River in the south, Chuhe River in the north and Hexian County in Anhui Province in the west, with a total area of 80 square kilometers and a forest coverage rate of 80%. The geographical coordinates are around 118 ° 30 'e and 30 ° 40' n.

geographical environment

topographic features

The trend of Laoshan is from southwest to northeast, and the west part is higher. There are three peaks with a height of more than 400 meters, of which longdongshan is 442 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Jiangbei area. To the east of Longdong mountain, the mountain is divided into North and South columns. The South column is composed of Xihua mountain, Mantou mountain and Dama mountain, while the North column is composed of Taiping mountain and Diaoyutai mountain.

The mountain is composed of Sinian limestone, phyllite, Cambrian limestone and Cretaceous sandstone. Laoshan is located in an area where water flow is very active. Limestone caves are well developed. Known caves include Tianjing cave, Longdong Cave, Xiaoguanyin cave, Wenshu cave, Xianren cave, Baishi cave, etc., among which Longdong Cave is the most famous. Longdong is located on the southwest slope of Longdong, with a height of about 10 meters, a width of 50 meters and a depth of 40 meters. It is divided into two bifurcated holes. The left bifurcated hole has been blocked by gravel, and the right bifurcated hole extends to about 80 meters away from the hole. There is another small bifurcated hole with a depth of about 30 meters. The types of soil are affected by the parent materials, such as calcareous soil, yellow brown soil, purple soil and so on.

hydrology

Most of the springs in Laoshan area are hot springs. Seven of them have been developed and utilized, such as Wuliu spring and Zhenzhu spring. The daily water yield is between 1000 tons and 2000 tons, and they are rich in minerals and radioactive substances, which has certain medical value.

climate

The climate of Laoshan area is mild and belongs to subtropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 15.3 ℃, the frost free period is 228 days, and the annual precipitation is 1000 mm.

Resources

plant resources

The park is rich in plant resources. As of 2013, there are 226 species of seed and pteridophytes belonging to 148 families, including 68 species of trees and more than 150 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine. The main tree species are Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii, Pinus taeda, Pinus thunbergii, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Sophora japonica, Quercus acutissima, Magnolia spp., Zelkova schneideriana, Toona sinensis, etc. There are also some rare and endangered plants under state protection, such as Sinojackia sinensis, Bambusa breviflora, Codonopsis pilosula, Pterocarpus tatarinowii, wild soybean, etc. Laoshan Forest Park has 94000 mu of forest land, including 37000 mu of coniferous forest, 35000 mu of broad-leaved forest, more than 10000 mu of fir and bamboo, more than 20000 mu of orchard and more than 400 mu of tea. The forest volume is about 230000 cubic meters. It is one of the domestic breeding bases for improved varieties of trees, and also an important timber forest base in Jiangsu Province. The dense forest in Laoshan has become the habitat of wild animals. There are more than 50 kinds of animals, including more than 20 kinds of birds. The rare animals, such as roe deer, civet cat and E, are often found in Laoshan. A thousand year old ginkgo tree in Huiji temple is rare in Nanjing.

The natural vegetation in Laoshan is a mixed forest of deciduous broad-leaved and evergreen broad-leaved. There are 148 species of pteridophytes and seed plants. The forest coverage rate is 80%, and the forest volume is 330000 cubic meters. Pinus massoniana, Pinus bungeana, Ginkgo biloba, catalpa bungeana, Zelkova schneideriana, Celtis chinensis, Pistacia chinensis, Liquidambar formosana, Liquidambar formosana, Cinnamomum fragrans, tea, etc. are ancient, large and rare tree species in the old mountain, which are famous all over the world. There are many kinds of ornamental trees and flowers in Laoshan, mainly including trees, shade trees, flowers, leaves, fruits and vines, with more than 200 species.

Animal resources

There are many kinds of animal and plant resources, including 148 families and 726 species. There are more than 200 species of birds and animals inhabiting and breeding in the mountain forest, including 164 species of birds in 38 families. There are 25 species of animals in 18 families such as wolf, roe deer and fox in Laoshan Forest, including some rare animals protected by the state such as Swertia, pangolin, beaver, Chinese tiger and butterfly.

Hot spring resources

There are more than ten hot springs in Laoshan, with the highest temperature of 65 ℃, the lowest temperature of 12 ℃ and the average temperature of 25 ℃. Famous water chestnut pit, Wuliu spring, Prince soup, duckweed spring, amber spring, etc. It has been developed and utilized in seven places, such as Wuliu spring and Zhenzhu spring, with daily water yield between 1000 tons and 2000 tons. Laoshan Shili hot spring zone is rich in natural hot spring resources, which contains a variety of minerals and trace elements, and has significant effect on human health.

Main attractions

Huiji Temple

Huiji temple is located in the north of Tangquan street, Pukou District, Nanjing city. It was built in the Southern Dynasties and was initially named Tangquan Buddhist temple. Liu yuwancheng, emperor of Wu, came to visit in the Southern Dynasties of Liu and song, and Xiao Tong, Prince of Zhaoming, studied here in the period of Xiao Liang. The three rare ancient ginkgo trees in the temple are more than 1500 years old. It is said that they were planted by Xiao Tong, Prince of Xiaoliang in the Southern Dynasty. It was destroyed by war in Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty, and only part of it was rebuilt in Guangxu period, which was far less than before. The existing relics in the temple include stone foundations, inscriptions, ancient wells and three ancient ginkgo trees.

The Stage of Appointing Commander

Dianjiangtai, formerly known as the enemy of China in ancient times, is said to have been deployed by Han Xin during the Chu Han war, who intelligently retired Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu. Han Shizhong and Liang Hongyu also led the rebel forces to annihilate the Jin soldiers who fled north of the Yangtze River in the Southern Song Dynasty. According to "Jiangpu Jucheng", the Chinese enemy's platform is located on the city of Pukou. The city is located in Puzi mountain. The platform builds its mountains. It is majestic and magnificent. It looks up at the river and the sky. It is the first scenic spot in Pukou Since 1984, the site of "dianjiangtai" has been listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Pukou District. Now it has been upgraded to a municipal cultural relic protection unit and is planned to be included in the main construction along the north of the Yangtze River in Nanjing "Dajiang style area".

Doulu Temple

Located at the foot of Huafeng in old Shanxi Province, Douliu temple was founded at the end of Ming Dynasty. It has a history of more than 300 years. Its founder was Zheng Jifan, the third son of Zheng pin, a senior scholar in Jiangpu, Nanjing in Ming Dynasty. As a result of his dissatisfaction with the government, he studied Buddhist scriptures and became a monk (called monk Bai'an). He founded shiziling Daochang and later changed its name to Douliu temple. It has always been a famous Buddhist temple in the north and south of the Yangtze River. The name of the temple "Dousi" also reflects the original intention of the founder to "preach the Scriptures and perform the classics". Because of this, at the beginning of the temple, there were no walls, no mountain gates and no halls, but only the architectural facilities with Sutra as the main body. From the beginning to its heyday, the successive generations all realized the original intention of the patriarch, and always maintained the characteristics of the original Jingyuan Temple (that is, the main purpose of preaching and collecting sutras), which is rare in many temples in the country.

Seven Buddha Temple

The seven Buddha Temple scenic spot is located in the east of the forest park, covering an area of more than 4 million square meters. It is composed of Hat Mountain, middle chair mountain, Fulong mountain and Eagle mountain. The canyon is deep, with many peaks, dense forests and beautiful scenery. Eagle mountain watchtower is located at the top of Eagle mountain 326 meters above sea level. It is a five story hexagonal tower with magnificent momentum. It is a good place for tourists to climb and sightseeing.

The seven Buddha Temple was first built in 1444, the ninth year of the Ming Dynasty, and was rebuilt in 1995. It covers an area of about 3000 square meters. There are five seven Buddha halls, three Sansheng halls, two Buddha chanting halls and twelve monk rooms. Qifo temple is connected with Laoshan Forest Park, with its back against Maomao mountain, front facing chair mountain, left near Laoying mountain and right overlooking Xiangshan mountain. Surrounded by mountains, it has beautiful scenery.

Shiziling

Shiziling is located at the foot of Xihua peak, between Daci mountain and Xihua mountain. It is 363 meters high. There are five peaks on the mountain, among which Xihua peak and Lianhua peak are the most peculiar. According to folk legend, the Bodhisattva of Tibet sat in Xihua mountain all night, and the stones in the back mountain roared from the ground. The shape of the stone is very similar to the shape of a lion, so it is named.

Dragon Cave

Longdong is located on the Longdong mountain, which is more than 400 meters above sea level. It attracts many tourists because of its precipitous mountains, deep caves and wonderful legends. In spring and summer, clouds and mists hover in the low sky and pass through the cave. It is called the fairyland of the Dragon Cave. Inside the cave