Bai Shanshan

Bai Shanshan

Bai mountaineering, also known as Xiaobai mountaineering, is now known as Mapu mountain, located 5 kilometers east of Datong City. It is adjacent to the Yuhe River in the West and extends westward from Cailiang mountain. Between Cailiang mountain and Baideng Road (Baidao for short) is a famous ancient road leading directly to Jining, Inner Mongolia. It is close to zhangtong road in the South and Fangshan in the north.

In 1993, the people's Government of Datong City set up a "Han que style" stele Pavilion here, in which the scene of the "battle of Baideng" is described in detail.

Bai mountaineering, from the legendary Beiyue elder Guping period to the end of Jin Dynasty, was renamed Mapu mountain in Yuan Dynasty and has been used up to now. There is a legend that Baishan Mountain and Baideng River were the bases built by the Xixia royal family before the destruction of the country. DaBaiDeng kingdom was the first state (the predecessor of Xixia) established by the Tuoba family of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Historical records

The specific location of Bai mountaineering is controversial in academic circles. It is said that Bai mountaineering is today's Cailiang mountain.

The records in historical records are not consistent. The piqian annotation in the biography of Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty says "Bai Deng, Tai Ming, go to Pingcheng for seven Li." As Chunzhu said, Baideng is "the highland beside Pingcheng, if the hills also." "Justice" quoted from Uncle Li Mu's "Zhao Ji" that "there are earth mountains in the east of Pingcheng, which are more than 100 feet high and more than 10 Li square." The Yunzhou section of Shanxi Tongzhi mountains and rivers records that "Xiaobai climbs seven Li in the East, one li in the high, and 35 Li in the high."

In April 1984, the Datong Museum excavated the tomb of Yuanshu of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the northwest of dongwangzhuang in the east of Datong City. The epitaph unearthed in the tomb says "buried in the Yang of Baideng". Some archaeologists combined the geographical relationship between the tomb and Mapu mountain to determine that Baishan Mountain may be today's Mapu mountain.

Liangshan Mountain is the best choice for white mountain climbing

The battle of Baideng is the most famous war in Chinese history. The historical records are not clear about the battlefield. In reality, there are Datong and Yanggao as Baideng. Some said that the war took place in Mapu mountain, Baideng, Datong, and some said that it took place in Dabaideng, Yanggao County. It has always been doubtful where it happened. In recent years, some experts and scholars have come to study and give a clear answer to this question.

After research, experts and scholars believe that the area of Mapu mountain in Datong is small. There is neither water nor forest on it, so it is difficult to accommodate tens of thousands of cavalry led by Liu Bang. Moreover, there are no moats or dangerous obstacles around it. They are all gentle slopes, and the cavalry are walking on the flat ground. Let alone the siege of Xiongnu iron cavalry for seven days and seven nights, it is difficult to persist for one day. However, it is found that Cailiang mountain, 20 li away from Datong, is a curved Horst mountain with round body and flat top, covering an area of 600 square kilometers, including Yunzhou, Datong and Yanggao counties in Datong. It was named Baishan Mountain in Han Dynasty. The mountain is densely forested, with springs, pools, birds and animals, and snow all the year round. The ancients marveled that "the horse hissed and stepped on the top of the mountain, the bird tired and startled the jade branches". Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was besieged by Xiongnu for seven days and seven nights on some mountains. Mapu mountain is the outstanding part, or branch, of Bai mountaineering, which is a whole with Bai mountaineering. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote a note to the water classic, which said: Bai mountaineering was 7 Li to the east of Pingcheng; Datong Municipal Government erected a monument on it, which shows that Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was surrounded here, which is reasonable and true. This is a part of Yanggao. In the north of Yanggao County, it is reasonable to say that the battle of Baideng took place in Yanggao.

Yanggao has many cities in ancient times. The earliest one is Gaoliu County, which is located in the northwest of today's county; Pingyi County, which is located in the southwest of today's county; in addition, daoren County, which is in the southeast of today's county; Shenhe County, which is in the Northeast of today's county; and Sanggan County, which is close to Sanggan River. What is the explanation of big and small Baideng villages? Baideng was originally a village, located at the foot of Mapu mountain in the north of Datong City. Mapu mountain was named Baishan Mountain long ago, and the village was named for the mountain. After the establishment of Pingcheng (today's Datong), the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xianbei people had to rebuild the garden forest in the north of the city. It is adjacent to the palace city in the south, the Great Wall in the north, Xishan in the west, and Baideng (Mapu mountain) in the East. It is a vast area of hundreds of miles, which is rare in the past dynasties. There are tiger circle, terrace, chize and palace, which can be used for hunting, military training and royal amusement. The most animals in it are deer, so it is named Luyeyuan. The royal garden forest was a forbidden area, so the village was moved to Yanggao. After continuous development, the village has become a county. It was called Changqing County in the Liao Dynasty and Baideng County in the Jin Dynasty. Next to it was a river called dunshui, also called Baideng river. Later, due to the destruction of the war, it declined into a village, which was divided into two parts, called big and small white.

In addition, there are four Niangzi villages in Yanggao, namely shangniang village, xianiang village, jinniang village and minniang village, which are also closely related to the battle of Baideng. These four villages are the first one, named Niangzi village, which is a place where beauties come out. After Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu continued to invade the border and did great harm to the people in the border areas. Minister Qu Ni Hou Chen Ping is resourceful and the most famous counselor in Chinese history. He used backhand as a stratagem and backhand as a stratagem. In the blink of an eye, he gave a lot of stratagems to Liu Bang, and achieved his great cause. In order to deal with the Xiongnu invasion, Chen Ping inspected along the line of the great wall and went to Niangzi village in Yanggao. He was shocked to see that all the women in this village were so beautiful. At the same time, he also thought of the lust of Mouton and his wife's jealousy. He chose the most beautiful woman and asked the painter to draw a picture and hide it in the bag. Although he went out with the army, he did not go up the mountain. Seeing that Gaozu was trapped in the white mountaineering, it was hard to get out of the siege, so he made a plan. So he sent messengers to take some jewels and beauty paintings to meet with Huodun. He told her about the beauty in Niangzi village and asked her to persuade Huodun to get out of the siege. He was most afraid that there would be another woman around him. He was even more afraid that Chen Ping would send a beautiful woman to him. So he went according to his plan to help emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. This Niangzi village made a contribution to the liberation of the battle of Baideng. Later, the population development of the village was limited, and the cultivated land was divided into shangniang village and xianiang village. Later, the family of Jin surnamed min chose to develop in different places, which were called Niang village and minniang village. The four villages used to be one, which had a great relationship with the battle of Baideng. The history of Pingcheng was recorded, and its name has been passed down through the ages. Niangzi village was divided into four, but it was buried in the dust of history. Through the investigation and research of experts and scholars on the battle of Baideng, we not only solved the doubts about the battle of Baideng, but also corrected the name of Niangzi village, which was divided into four parts. This is the whole content of expert study.

White House

The battle of Baden is here in history. In 201 BC, Han Wangxin rebelled in Datong and colluded with Xiongnu to attack Taiyuan. Liu Bang personally led 320000 troops against the Xiongnu. First, he won the battle in tongroller (now Qinxian County, Shanxi Province), and then he took advantage of the victory and pursued it until Loufan (now Ningwu, Shanxi Province) (see the battle of Pingcheng). It was a cold winter. It was snowing heavily and the weather was very cold. Although the Han army was "twelve or thirteen dead", they saw that the Huns had only weak and disabled soldiers and were eager to win. They ignored Liu Jing's persuasion and obstruction and led the vanguard cavalry to catch up with the Baishan Mountain in Datong.

As soon as Liu Bang led his troops to Baideng, he suddenly led 400000 iron cavalry to ambush the Han army. The Huns besieged Bai mountaineering for seven days and nights. The Han army was short of food and water. Thanks to the counselor Chen Ping's advice for Liu Bang, he sent a lot of money and beautiful pictures to Huo's wife. In addition, he wrote a letter, which said: "if Shan Yu continues to besiege, the Han Dynasty will give her to Shan Yu. By that time, she will not be able to maintain her status..." After taking bribes, he tried his best to persuade Shan Yu to withdraw. When Shan Yu learned that the main reinforcements of Han Army led by Zhou Bo and fan Kuai were about to arrive, he was afraid it would be bad for him, so he had to extricate himself.

After returning to Guangwu, Liu Bang said to Liu Jing, "I don't need to talk about it. I'm going to be trapped in Pingcheng." Therefore, Chen Ping and Liu Jing were highly praised, and Liu Jing was named Marquis of Guannei and Marquis of Jianxin. In order to prevent Xiongnu invasion, Zhou Bo and fan Kuai were ordered to lead 200000 soldiers to garrison Daidi.

Although the battle of Baideng has a history of more than 2000 years, as a famous ancient battlefield near a big city, it still has great military value, and now it still attracts many tourists.

However, according to the archaeology of Bai mountaineering, Bai mountaineering is a fortress of the state of Zhao, with a platform of only 10000 square meters, which is impossible to hold 320000 Han troops. In fact, only thousands of elite cavalry were besieged with Liu Bang, but the Huns still failed to capture it after seven days of fierce attack. In addition, 320000 reinforcements from the Han Dynasty are about to arrive, and the Huns were easily defeated by the Han Army in their previous large-scale war with the Han army. Therefore, they were forced to withdraw. Liu Bang also realized that if he wanted to defeat the Xiongnu by force, the national strength of the Han Dynasty at that time could not be achieved, so he began to make peace. There are many doubts about Liu Bang's taking Chen Ping's plan to bribe Kan's family. How could the Huns give up their fat mouth just because of a few words from a woman?

After careful analysis, scholars now hold the view that the reinforcements of the Han Dynasty played an important role. The 320000 Han Army led by Zhou Bo made peace with Liu Bang only on the day of Liu Bang's breakthrough. In this case, the Huns had to withdraw.

Surrounding scenic spots

Daiwangfu Jiulongbi Yungang Grottoes Hengshan Xuankong Temple Huayan Temple Datong Volcano Group Yingxian Muta Shizhu mountain Ciyun Temple Pingcheng ruins Gulou Datong Museum Shanhua Temple great wall outside the Great Wall Yungang National Forest Park Zhao Wuling King tomb Baoning temple Zhenziliang reservoir playground Paoma liangbai mountaineering Xingguo temple wulongbi Jueshan Temple County Confucian temple I