Baihua Mountain

Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Baihua Mountain generally refers to Beijing Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve

Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve is located in the west of Beijing, in Qingshui Town, Mentougou District, Beijing. Its geographical coordinates are 115 ° 25 ′ - 115 ° 42 ′, and 39 ° 48 ′ - 40 ° 05 ′, covering a total area of 21743.1 hectares. The nature reserve was established in 1985 and upgraded to a National Nature Reserve in 2008. It belongs to the forest ecosystem protection type, mainly protecting the secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem and rare protected animals and their populations in the Rocky Mountains of North China in the warm temperate zone.

Historical evolution

In 1985, Beijing Municipal People's Government approved the establishment of "Beijing Baihuashan Nature Reserve", which is a provincial and municipal Nature Reserve under the leadership of Mentougou District People's government.

In January 2008, the State Council approved the promotion of Baihuashan Nature Reserve to a national nature reserve.

In 2015, Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve signed a cooperation agreement with Shenandoah National Park.

geographical environment

Location context

Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve is located in the west of Beijing, in Qingshui Town, Mentougou District, Beijing. Its geographical coordinates are 115 ° 25 ′ - 115 ° 42 ′, and 39 ° 48 ′ - 40 ° 05 ′, covering a total area of 21743.1 hectares.

landforms

The landform of Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve is mainly controlled by geotectonics. The north central part and southwest part belong to Beijing Beishan uplift structure area. The landform type is mountain erosion structure landform, accounting for about 90% of the area of Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve. The terrain is steep and the river is deep. The southeast part belongs to the Xishan fold and uplift area of the Xishan depression structural area in Beijing. The geomorphic type is erosional structural geomorphology or accumulation geomorphology, which only accounts for about 10% of the area of Baihuashan National Nature Reserve in Beijing. The terrain is relatively gentle, and there are wide and shallow valleys.

climate

Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve is located in the subalpine zone, belonging to the mid latitude temperate continental monsoon climate zone, with obvious vertical change, large temperature difference between day and night, low temperature, more precipitation, four distinct seasons, cold, windy and dry in winter, warm and rainy in summer, dry in spring, prevailing wind and sand, sunny and windy in autumn, moderate cold and warm, but less rainfall.

precipitation

The annual precipitation of Baihuashan National Nature Reserve in Beijing ranges from 450 mm to 720 mm, mainly in summer, the peak season of plant growth. The precipitation in June, July and August accounts for 74% of the annual precipitation, especially in July, where the precipitation is the largest, and most of them are rainstorms. The precipitation in winter is the least, accounting for only 2% of the annual precipitation. The precipitation in autumn accounts for 14% of the annual precipitation, and the precipitation in spring accounts for 10% of the annual precipitation The severe spring drought is one of the significant characteristics of the climate in Baihua Mountain.

air temperature

The annual average temperature of Baihuashan National Nature Reserve is 6-7 ℃, the hottest month is July, with an average temperature of 22 ℃, and the coldest month is January, with an average temperature of - 5.7 ℃. The temperature rises sharply from March to April, and drops suddenly from October to November. Annual accumulated temperature ≥ 3800 ℃, annual frost free period about 110 days.

geology

Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve is located in the Yanshan subsidence zone in the middle of North China platform. The northern part of the Reserve belongs to the Qingbai dome area of Beijing Beishan uplift area, and the southern part belongs to the Xishan fold uplift area of Beijing Xishan depression area.

The strata of Baihuashan National Nature Reserve in Beijing mainly include the Proterozoic Sinian system, Paleozoic Cambrian system, Ordovician system, Carboniferous system, Mesozoic Jurassic system and Cenozoic quaternary system. The rock types are quite complete, including a variety of sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks.

soil

Baihuashan National Nature Reserve in Beijing belongs to brown soil zone in China. There are 4 soil types and 9 sub types, which can be divided into (1) meadow soil: ① subalpine meadow soil. (2) Brown soil: 2 mountain brown soil; 3 mountain grass brown soil; 4 mountain coarse bone brown soil. (3) Cinnamon soil: 5 leaching cinnamon soil; 6 common cinnamon soil; 7 coarse bone cinnamon soil; 8 carbonate cinnamon soil. (4) Cultivated soil: Ⅸ cultivated soil.

Division scope

As of 2013, the total area of Baihuashan National Nature Reserve in Beijing is 21743.1 hectares, including 6836 hectares of core area, 4880.64 hectares of buffer area and 10026.46 hectares of experimental area.

Beijing Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in Qingshui Town, Mentougou District, Beijing. It starts from Malan mountain 500 meters above sea level in the East, reaches the main peak of Baihua Mountain 1991 meters above sea level along the ridge line in the southeast, reaches the peak 2043 meters above sea level at the junction of Mentougou District and Fangshan District along the administrative boundary of Mentougou District and Fangshan District, and starts from quanshuta at the junction of Beijing and Laishui County, Hebei Province in the West, To the north, along the provincial boundary between Beijing and Zhuolu county and Huailai County of Hebei Province, to the 1922m peak at the junction of Qingshui town and Huailai County of Mentougou District of Beijing, and then along the ridge line, through the administrative boundary between Qingshui town and Zhaitang town of Mentougou District, to Malan Forest Farm.

Protection target

Protected objects

Baihuashan National Nature Reserve belongs to the type of forest ecosystem protection. The main protected objects are the secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem and the rare protected animals and their populations in the Rocky Mountains of North China in the warm temperate zone.

Animal resources

There are 169 species of terrestrial vertebrates belonging to 47 families and 20 orders in Beijing Baihuashan Nature Reserve. Among them, 25 species belong to 13 families and 6 orders of mammals, 131 species belong to 27 families and 11 orders of birds, 7 species belong to 3 families and 2 orders of reptiles, 6 species belong to 4 families and 1 order of amphibians. In addition, there are more than 1000 species in 73 families of 10 orders. There are 14 species of national key protected wild animals, such as brown eared pheasant, Golden Eagle and leopard.

In Baihuashan Nature Reserve of Beijing, rodents are dominant, accounting for 40% of the total number of mammals; carnivorous, accounting for 24%; Insectivora, accounting for 16%; Chiroptera and Artiodactyla, accounting for 8%; Lagomorpha, accounting for 4%. There are 11 orders of birds in the reserve. Passeriformes are the most dominant, accounting for 80% of the total birds in the reserve; falciformes account for 4.62%; mangiformes account for 3.07%; Galliformes, cuckoos and owls account for 2.31%; pigeons and swiftlets account for 1.54%; storks, nighthawks and Buddhists account for 0.77%. Among the amphibians and reptiles, there are 6 species of Anura, accounting for 46.15% of the total amphibians and reptiles in the nature reserve, 5 species of snakes, accounting for 38.46%, and 2 species of lizards, accounting for 15.39%.

plant resources

There are 131 families, 485 genera and 1100 species (including subspecies, varieties and forms) of higher plants in Baihuashan Nature Reserve. Among them, there are 17 families, 25 genera and 30 species of bryophytes, 13 families, 21 genera and 38 species of pteridophytes, 4 families, 7 genera and 19 species of gymnosperms, 97 families, 432 genera and 1013 species of angiosperms, accounting for 69% of the total families, 51% of the total genera and 49% of the total species in Beijing respectively. The endemic species are Sorbus mandshurica, Bupleurum chinense, Vitis amurensis, Carex diffusa and Roegneria scandens; the national key protected plants are Tilia amurensis and Phellodendron amurense; the plant species in the Convention on international trade in endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Appendix I, II and III) are 17 species, all of which are orchids.

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Protection Agency

Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve is managed by the Administration Office of Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve. In September 2008, the organization establishment committee of Mentougou District of Beijing Municipality approved the "request of Beijing Baihuashan Nature Reserve Management Office for change of organization name", and agreed to change the name of Beijing Baihuashan Nature Reserve Management Office to Beijing Baihuashan National Nature Reserve Management Office.

Protection value

The secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem in the warm temperate rocky mountain area of North China in Baihuashan National Nature Reserve is very representative and typical in China. Due to its rich species resources, special geographical location and integrity of ecological environment system, it plays a great ecological role in regional climate regulation, soil and water conservation, water conservation and sand control.

At the same time, the special ecological environment of the nature reserve is of great scientific value. Effective protection and in-depth study of the nature reserve can make a great contribution to the protection of human biodiversity and the implementation of China's sustainable forestry strategy.

Address: East of Huilai County, Rongcheng District, Jieyang City

Longitude: 116.399901

Latitude: 23.049138