Luochuan Loess National Geopark

Luochuan Loess National Geopark, Shaanxi Province

synonym

Luochuan Loess National Geopark generally refers to Shaanxi Luochuan Loess National Geopark

The loess section and loess geological and geomorphological landscape are characterized by preserving vertebrate animal fossils, Chinese mainland and Eurasian continent.

brief introduction

position

Shaanxi Luochuan Loess National Geopark is located in Luochuan County, south of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, with a total area of 5.9 square kilometers. Luochuan County is 135 kilometers away from Yan'an, the holy land of revolution in the north.

formation

The slope of heimugou is steep, and it is a "V" type valley. There are many landslides on both sides, and the slope surface is developed with suspended gullies. The loess profile of heimugou is exposed clearly, the stratum is continuous and complete, the paleosol layer is clear, and the comparability is strong, which has high academic value. In addition, the Loess micro landform in the gully is developed, such as: loess landslide, collapse, loess hanging ditch, loess sinkhole, loess bridge, loess column, loess wall, etc. These micro landforms are peculiar in structure, interesting in nature and highly ornamental.

The geological relics of the heimugou loess in Luochuan County are the comprehensive product of internal and external geological processes in the geological history period. They are the true portrayal of the evolution of the earth's crust structure, tectonic movement and geomorphic morphology since 2.4 million years ago. The loess strata in each period are well exposed and stable, which truly record the information of paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, paleogeography, paleovegetation and important geological events since the Quaternary period. It can be used as a standard loess stratigraphic section to compare with the loess strata on the Loess Plateau.

The park is characterized by loess section and loess geological landscape. It is a typical geological body that studies the Quaternary geological events in Chinese mainland and even Eurasia. It can be used as a standard loess stratigraphic section for correlation with the loess strata on the Loess Plateau.

Luochuan County is the source of loess, the terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The source surface is open and flat, gently dipping to the southeast. The highest elevation of the source surface around the Geopark is 1136 meters, which is a typical area of loess landform development in China's loess source area. The cutting depth of the gully is between 80-140 meters, and the slope is steep with a slope of 30-60 degrees. Under the action of gravity and surface groundwater, loess landslides and collapses are developed in the gully, and the retrogressive erosion at the gully head is strong.

characteristic

The Loess Park of Luochuan loess National Geopark, Shaanxi, is characterized by the loess section and the Loess geological and geomorphological landscape. It is a typical geological park that studies the Quaternary geological events in Chinese mainland and even Eurasia. The Luochuan loess park is a typical geological park.

Loess landscape is formed under long-term geological erosion. Loess is a gray yellow soil like deposit with uniform texture, and a large area of loess is formed in the Quaternary Aeolian dust accumulation. Luochuan area is a large area of Loess Plateau. After a long period of water erosion and segmentation, the Loess Plateau has formed a landscape of thousands of gullies and fragmented, accompanied by landslides, collapses and deposition, and finally formed a loess landscape.

The heimugou loess section is a comprehensive product of various geological processes in the geological history, and it is a true portrayal of the tectonic movement and geomorphological evolution since more than 2 million years ago. The loess strata in each period are well exposed and stable, which truly record the information of paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, paleogeography, paleovegetation and important geological events since the Quaternary. It can be used as a standard loess stratigraphic section to compare with the loess strata on the Loess Plateau. The heimugou loess is exposed clearly, the stratum is continuous and complete, the paleosol layer is clear, and the comparability is strong. The depth of the gully is 80 to 100 meters, and the slope is steep. It is eroded by precipitation and surface water, forming a unique and strange loess karst landform, which has high academic value.

Loess landscape

It is formed under the erosion of long-term geological process. The micro geomorphic structures such as loess landslide, collapse, loess hanging ditch, loess sinkhole, loess bridge, loess column, loess wall, etc.

Loess Plateau

It is the plateau surface or plain surface left after the loess plateau or loess plain is cut by the gully. The tableland is flat and steep, surrounded by valleys. The tableland area is large, generally more than 100km2.

Loess mound is round and nearly round. The hill slope is convex with a slope of about 20 degrees.

The Loess geology museum systematically introduces the knowledge of loess geology and the general situation of the park in the form of pictures and texts.

Culture

Shaanxi Luochuan Loess National Geopark fully displays the unique geological landform of the Loess Plateau. Combined with the rich agricultural eco-tourism resources of Luochuan, the regional cultural resources of Northern Shaanxi and the revolutionary historical and cultural resources, it has the potential to develop into a comprehensive tourism product integrating sightseeing, ecology, leisure and red tourism, and has gradually become a new highlight of tourism in Northern Shaanxi.

After the construction in recent years, we have built the infrastructure and service facilities such as the gate tower, sign stele, management center, tourist trail of the park, as well as 23 new scenic spots such as loess Museum, artificial lake and Northern plant sightseeing park, which provide rich sightseeing contents for tourists and have the basic reception and service capacity. Shaanxi Luochuan Loess National Geopark - the best travel time Yan'an is located in the warm temperate zone with high terrain and an average altitude of 1000 meters. Due to the high altitude, the temperature difference between day and night in Yan'an is large, the climate is slightly dry, and the annual average temperature is 9.3 ℃.

In addition, every year on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, Yan'an area will hold a large-scale "I spend my new year in Yan'an" Yangko Festival and other tourism festivals.

Travel

get accommodation

Luochuan guzui loess resort Luochuan guzui loess resort is located at the intersection of national highway 210 and provincial highway 304, 5km southeast of Luochuan County. Guzui village, a provincial-level "civilized village", has been characterized by simple folk customs, warm hospitality and well arranged village construction since ancient times. The village has made great efforts and invested in the management of the surrounding environment, forming a village with green shade, fragrant apples and rich farmhouse characteristics.

In the development of tourism industry, the first batch of "28 family" farmhouses are equipped with solar energy bath, program-controlled telephone, cable TV and environmental protection toilet, as well as tourism reception office, accommodation office, security department, tourism and entertainment department and folk arts and crafts department. The reception capacity can reach 200 person times. Now open to visitors are "orchard amusement, folk performance, folk art exhibition, Eden cottage, peach picking in Huaguo Mountain, loess fault specimen investigation, etc."

traffic

Loess Geopark is only 5 kilometers away from Luochuan County. Luochuan County is 135 km away from Yan'an in the north, 240 km away from the ancient capital Xi'an in the south, 35 km away from the mausoleum of Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, 130 km away from the famous Hukou waterfall, and 140 km away from Hancheng, the hometown of Sima Qian, the historical sage.

Take a bus from Xi'an to Luochuan County in more than two hours along national highway 210, or take the train from Xi'an to Yan'an or Yulin to Luochuan County, and then walk another five kilometers to Luochuan Loess National Geopark.

There is a stone road in the park, which leads to the bottom of the ditch. Visitors can visit various scenic spots directly.

Best travel season

Summer is a good time to go to Yan'an. Due to the terrain, the temperature in Yan'an is relatively low in summer. The traditional cave dwellings in Yan'an are warm in winter and cool in summer. If you want to experience the mellow folk customs of Northern Shaanxi, it is also a good choice to go to Yan'an City on January 15. Therefore, the best time to travel in Yan'an is from July to October and around the lunar new year.

significance

The park is characterized by loess profile and loess geological landscape, with vertebrate fossils and typical loess landscape relics. The stratigraphic section is Chinese mainland and even the Eurasian continent. Luochuan County is a loess plateau area with high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south. The tableland is open and flat, gently dipping to the southeast. The highest elevation of the tableland around the Geopark is 1136 meters, which is a typical area of loess landform development in China's loess tableland.

The depth of the gully is between 80-140 meters; the slope is steep, with a slope of 30-60 degrees. Under the action of gravity, surface water and groundwater, loess landslides and collapses are developed in the gully, and the gully head is strongly eroded. Among them, the slope of heimu Valley is steep, which is a "V" type valley. There are many landslides on both sides, and the slope surface is developed with overhanging ditches. The unique geological landforms of the Loess Plateau record the development and change history of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from 2.5 million to 2.6 million years. It is a unique loess Geopark in the world, which is of great significance to scientific research.

Reflect the change information since 2.5 million years

At the opening ceremony, 87 year old academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mr. Liu Dongsheng, winner of the 2003 national highest science and technology award, said that the Luochuan Loess has completely recorded the development and change history of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment since 2.5 million to 2.6 million years. Loess is a carrier, which not only reflects the information of biological evolution and the characteristics of climate change since 2.5 million years, but also hides the thick loess culture.

Lei Xiangyi, Professor of Geology Department of Northwest University, commented on Luochuan Loess National Geopark that loess accumulation is like a history book, and China's loess accumulation records the past