Tsui Hoi Road Department

Tsui Hoi Road Department

Xuhaidao department, also known as "Daotai yamen", is a provincial cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. Daotai yamen is the highest administrative organ of Xuzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties and xuhaidao in the period of the Republic of China. Xuhaidao was set up in the Republic of China and belongs to Jiangsu Province. It governs Tongshan County, Fengxian County, Peixian County, Xiaoxian County, Dangshan County, Pixian County, Suqian County, Suining County, Donghai County, Guanyun County, Shuyang County and Ganyu County. During the period of the Republic of China and after 1949, it served as a high-level military headquarters, where the commander's headquarters of the fifth theater in the Taierzhuang war, the Kuomintang's Xuzhou "general suppression" headquarters in the Huaihai Campaign, and the PLA's armored forces headquarters were all stationed.

brief introduction

When the revolution of 1911 broke out, the Qing Dynasty retreated to Xuzhou after Zhang Xun was defeated in Nanjing, and took Daotai yamen as its "Marshal's Mansion". At the beginning of 1912, the revolutionary army launched a northern expedition and Zhang Xun withdrew. Xuzhou was restored on February 11. The next day, the Qing emperor announced his abdication. After the failure of the second revolution in 1913, Zhang Xun led the "pigtail army" to make a comeback. He devoted himself to the restoration of the Qing Dynasty and held four meetings in Xuzhou. When the warlords of 13 provinces, such as Zhang zuolin, Cao Kun and Feng Guozhang, arrived in Xuzhou, Zhang Xun sent a green sedan chair to the station to greet them, including four hotels in Xuzhou. The meeting was held in the hall of Dao Yamen. The warlords unanimously elected Zhang Xun as the leader of 13 provinces. From then on, Zhang Xun became famous, and the Daotai yamen made a lot of noise every day. All kinds of retrogression happened again, until the failure of Zhang Xun's restoration in 1917. After Zhang Xun's defeat, his "braided army" in Xuzhou was incorporated. Chen Tiaoyuan, Zhang Zongchang and Chu Yupu, the warlords of the lineal line, occupied Xuzhou successively and took Daotai yamen as their office.

In April 1928, Chiang Kai Shek and Feng Yuxiang made an alliance here and began the second northern expedition. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Li Zongren commanded the famous Taierzhuang war here. In the middle of October 1937, the headquarters was set up in Daotai yamen, Xuzhou. At that time, most of the office buildings in the old Daotai yamen were built with arhat walls (the upper part was made of carved wood lattice and the lower part of blue brick), which were convenient for lighting and ventilation. The big garden behind the office does not occupy much land, but rockery, pavilion and pool are well arranged General Li Zongren does not put on airs. He often meets people's representatives, young students and Chinese and foreign journalists in the headquarters, such as Fan Changjiang, editor in chief of Ta Kung Pao, Lu Yi, Hankou reporter of Xinhua news agency, Ms. welgenson of New Zealand, friends of the Chinese people, and Epstein, a British journalist. The news of Taierzhuang's great victory from March to may in 1938 made Xuzhou a place of great concern at home and abroad.

During the Japanese puppet period, Xuzhou used to be the capital of Huaihai Province, where the provincial government of traitor Hao Pengju was. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Gu Zhutong led his troops into Xuzhou and set up Xuzhou appeasement office in Daotai Yamen. After Gu Zhutong left, Xue Yuelai became the director of the office. The Xuzhou appeasement office set up a military court to try war criminals in Daotai Yamen. A total of 25 Japanese war criminals were brought to justice. At that time, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party stationed heavy troops in Xuzhou. In order to avoid military conflict, a three member military mediation team composed of Zhou Enlai, Zhang Zhizhong and Marshall worked in Xuzhou in early 1946, actively mediating for peace. In 1948, this courtyard became the "suppression headquarters" of the Kuomintang in Xuzhou. In 1952, Mao Zedong visited Xuzhou for the first time and had a rest here.

The layout plan of Daotai Yamen in 1948, when the general command was suppressed, contained about 95 houses. From south to north, they were Zhaobi, main gate, lobby, second hall, third hall and back building, with wing rooms on the left and right, and East and West courtyards on both sides. In those years, they were used as auditorium, general office, office building and military dormitory. In front of the original Daotai yamen, the "one-line" large screen wall is 30 meters long and 5.6 meters high. It is the largest screen wall in Xuzhou. There is no sun painting in the center of the screen wall. The auditorium has 5 rooms, 21 meters in width, 9 meters in depth, 16 meters in purlin, 9 meters in ridge height, and Xieshan style roof. The roof was originally made of green glazed tiles (the color also represents the grade, the common people can only use gray, the officials can use green, and the royal family can only use yellow). There are green kissing beasts at both ends of the main ridge, which is an official building in the Ming Dynasty.

Historical imprint

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the highest administrative organ in Xuhai.

In 1917, this is Zhang Xun's "Marshal's Mansion", where he plotted a sensational restoration in China, and from here he took his 5000 braided soldiers to the north to perform a farce of the ages.

In April 1928, Ye Ting and others swore here and began the second northern expedition.

In 1938, it was the headquarters of the fifth war zone of the national government. Li Zongren, commander of the headquarters, was stationed in Xuzhou to command the Xuzhou General Assembly war, including the famous Taierzhuang war.

From May 19, 1938 to August 15, 1945, the first district of Tongshan County (now Xuzhou City) was set up in Xuzhou City by the Japanese puppets. Xuhai Road Department was the common office of the three offices of the puppet Northern Jiangsu administrative Commissioner Office, Tongshan County Office and Xuzhou City Office, and the above three signs were hung at the gate. In 1944, the Wang puppet government of the Republic of China announced that the office of the administrative Commissioner in Northern Jiangsu would be changed into Huaihai province. Hao Pengju was appointed chairman of Huaihai province and director of the appeasement office in Xuzhou. In 1945, with the surrender of the Japanese and the collapse of the Wang puppet restoration government, the puppet Huaihai province died. During the whole period of the Japanese puppet regime, he worked in Xuzhou Road Department.

At the beginning of 1946, the Kuomintang communist military mediation group composed of Zhou Enlai, Zhang Zhizhong and Marshall once worked in this place, actively mediating for peace.

In 1948, this courtyard became the Xuzhou "suppression general" headquarters of the national government. During the Huaihai Campaign, Liu Zhi and Du Yuming commanded hundreds of thousands of troops here to fight a decisive battle with the PLA that determined China's destiny.

In 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong visited Xuzhou for the first time. He once stayed for a short time in the military compound of Xu Haidao department.

The current situation of Daoya

Daotai yamen, located in the center of Xuzhou, is faced with a dilemma. In addition to the five existing halls, which are dilapidated and dilapidated, its iconic component, the screen wall, is even more desolate. The buildings separated by the screen wall make it lose the space to restore its original appearance. The entire 30 meter long screen wall is blocked by a building, which is less than one meter away from the screen wall. Opposite to the other side of the screen wall is the residential area, where some domestic waste is piled up beside the screen wall, and the wall is covered with various psoriasis advertisements. According to people familiar with the matter in Xuzhou, the Daotai Yamen in Xuzhou was first built in 1378, the 11th year of Hongwu reign of Ming Dynasty. The original buildings include Zhaobi, gate, Yimen, lobby, second hall, third hall and back building. After the revolution of 1911, when Zhang Xun retreated to Xuzhou, he used Daotai yamen as his "Marshal's Mansion". Only part of the hall and the screen wall are left.

The existing lobby is located on the north side of Wenting street. The whole building is surrounded by iron fences. Outside the gate stands a monument of "Xuhai Road Department", which reads "Jiangsu provincial cultural relics protection unit". The walls of the lobby were damaged in many places, and the wooden structure of the doors and windows was also in tatters. There is a large hole of several square meters in the upper part of the west wall of the hall, and there are many missing roof tiles, even one or two large holes. Through the crack of the gate, you can see that it is full of debris.

Address: east end of Wenting street, Quanshan District, Xuzhou

Longitude: 117.1842880249

Latitude: 34.261043548584

Chinese PinYin : Xu Hai Dao Shu