Sanxing village site

Sanxing village site

Sanxingcun site, located in sanxingcun, Xigang Town, Jintan District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, is an important Neolithic site

It covers an area of 100000 square meters

The cemetery covers an area of 20000 square meters

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The sanxingcun site covers an area of 640 square meters, including 1001 tombs and more than 4000 pieces of pottery, jade, stone, bone and other cultural relics, filling the gaps in many studies in China. The man-made seashells unearthed from sanxingcun site show that marine culture began to advance inland in the Neolithic age. The preservation of the tombs at sanxingcun site is of great value to the study of funeral customs, living standards and productivity development at that time

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On May 25, 2006, sanxingcun site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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Historical evolution

Sanxingcun site appeared in the late Neolithic age, which is equivalent to the early Songze culture to the middle and late Majiabang culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

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In May 1984, when Changzhou City (county) cultural relics census, Sanxing village site was found

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In October 1993, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with the Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, conducted a trial excavation of the Sanxing village site

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In November 1994, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, conducted the second archaeological excavation of Sanxing village site

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On April 20, 1995, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with Jintan Municipal Cultural Administration Commission, conducted the third archaeological excavation of Sanxing village site

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In October 1996, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, conducted the fourth archaeological excavation of Sanxing village site

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In November 1997, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, conducted the fifth archaeological excavation of Sanxing village site

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On March 5, 1998, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, conducted the sixth archaeological excavation of Sanxing village site

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Site features

Construction scale

Sanxingcun site covers an area of 100000 square meters

The cemetery covers an area of 20000 square meters

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Stratigraphic accumulation

Sanxingcun site is relatively high, 0.50-1.50 meters higher than the surrounding surface, in the shape of low platform, with dense tombs

It is divided into East and west areas. The terrain of the east area is slightly higher in the middle and gradually lower around, showing a gentle slope platform. The cultural accumulation layer is 2.5-6 meters thick, which can be divided into five layers

The first layer is cultivated soil, grayish yellow, soft, 20 cm thick; the second layer is yellowish gray, hard, 50-80 cm thick, deep The third layer is brown lime soil with soft texture, mixed with a little burnt soil and snail shell, 50-100 cm thick and 40-70 cm deep; the fourth layer is lime soil with a lot of snail shell accumulation, 40-120 cm thick and 120-150 cm deep; the fifth layer is deep lime soil with soft texture, 10-30 cm thick and 230-250 cm deep; the fifth layer is protosol

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Cultural relics

From 1984 to 1998, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with the Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, excavated the Sanxing village site for six years and six times, with a total area of 640 square meters. More than 1000 tombs, 55 ash pits, 4 house sites, and more than 4000 pieces of pottery, stone, jade, bone, horned clam and other cultural relics were excavated. The common shapes of pottery include Ding, Dou, Zun, can, spinning wheel, hammer, net pendant, pot, yuan, string ornament, etc. among them are yuan shaped bean, model printed emblem pot, combined bean, horn shaped kettle, and painted pottery bean with cloud pattern. Stone tools, unearthed less, common stone, perforated stone axe, spinning wheel, stone hammer, seven hole stone knife, three hole stone knife, stone Yue, stone hoe, stone and so on. There are a large number of jades unearthed, such as jade huang and string ornaments. Some of them are carved and polished. The common shapes are cone, knife, needle, needle barrel, dagger, spoon, carved plate bone, etc. the common shapes are horn, tooth, mussel, antler boot, pyramid, ivory column, ivory Sheng, mussel sickle, mussel string, etc

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In October 1993, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, excavated 18 tombs and unearthed more than 60 cultural relics at Sanxing village site

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In November 1994, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with the Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, excavated 152 tombs and more than 400 cultural relics at the Sanxing village site

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On April 20, 1995, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with the Jintan Municipal Council for cultural administration, excavated 166 tombs and unearthed more than 500 cultural relics at the Sanxing village site

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In October 1996, more than 120 tombs and more than 5000 cultural relics were excavated at the Sanxing village site by the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum and the Jintan Municipal Council for cultural administration

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In November 1997, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with the Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, excavated more than 130 tombs at the Sanxing village site and unearthed more than 550 cultural relics

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On March 5, 1998, the Institute of Archaeology of Nanjing Museum, together with the Jintan Municipal Council of cultural administration, excavated 410 tombs at the Sanxing village site and unearthed more than 2000 cultural relics

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Research value

The man-made seashells unearthed from sanxingcun site show that the marine culture began to advance inland in the Neolithic age, and the scope of people's activities was very large at that time. The excavation of sanxingcun site is of great value and far-reaching significance, filling many gaps in the field of Chinese research. Among them, the plate-shaped bone with grooves is of high value. Its regular patterns and neat layout are related to primitive witchcraft and religion, which is of great value to the study of people's spiritual activities at that time. Among them, the painted pottery beans with cloud and thunder patterns have the same characteristics and layout as those on Shang and Zhou bronzes, more than 1000 years earlier than those on jade tripods of Liangzhu culture. It is an important material for the study of primitive civilization and is of great value for the study of the origin of civilization. The archaeological discovery of sanxingcun site proves that the Neolithic civilization existed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and provides evidence for exploring the origin of Chinese civilization. The tombs in sanxingcun site are well preserved with complex overlapping relationship and regular distribution, which is of great value to the study of funeral customs, living standards and productivity development at that time. The burial customs and distribution of sanxingcun site are consistent, reflecting the continuity and continuity of its cultural development. Sanxingcun site has always been the public cemetery of clans or tribes, where the tombs of primitive people are concentrated. The human bones unearthed from sanxingcun site are abundant and well preserved, which fills the gap in the study of Neolithic physical anthropology in southern China. The carbonized rice specimens unearthed from sanxingcun site are of great value to study the artificial cultivation of rice and the origin of primitive agriculture

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protective measures

On May 25, 2006, sanxingcun site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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In 2009, the people's Government of Jintan district (formerly the people's Government of Jintan City) set up the Sanxing village site to protect the inscriptions.

History and culture

Cultural characteristics

Sanxingcun site is located at the junction of Taihu Lake primitive culture area and Ningzhen primitive culture area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Its culture has dual characteristics. From the unearthed cultural relics, Sanken village site has its own characteristics. Sanxingcun site is popular with small-scale burial objects. The bone artifacts are well-developed, with many shapes, and the exquisite production is rare in the primitive culture of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The original culture of sanxingcun site is developed and has its own system

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Age of the site

The age of sanxingcun site is from the early Songze culture to the middle and late Majiabang culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

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Tourism information

geographical position

Sanxing village site is located in the north of Sanxing village, Xigang Town, Jintan District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province. It is located in the east of Maoshan mountain range and in the west of Danyang Jintan Liyang Caohe River. It is a plain area with low terrain and dense river network

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Opening Hours

Sanxingcun site is open all day.

admission ticket

Admission to Sanxing village is free.

Address: Zhuyuan, Sanxing village, Xigang Township, Jintan, Changzhou

Longitude: 119.49383544922

Latitude: 31.681186676025