Shanzhou dikeng hospital

Shanzhou dikeng hospital

Shanzhou dikengyuan, located in Beiying village, zhangbian Township, Shanzhou District, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, is 11 kilometers away from Sanmenxia City, with a planning area of 23 square kilometers. As an ancient and magical residential style, dikengyuan is rich in culture. It is the only underground residential building in China and even in the world. It is one of the four unique ancient residential buildings in China.

It is known as "an ancient village under the horizon, a living fossil in the history of folk houses".

In 2011, dikengyuan construction technology was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list.

Human history

According to textual research, more than 4000 years ago, during the period of emperor Xuanyuan and Yellow Emperor, the ancestors of Shaanxi plateau had dug the earth for cave dwelling. The book of songs is called "Tao Fu Tao cave". The dikeng courtyard has a history of more than 6000 years. As early as the Miaodigou culture period, it had the rudiment of dikeng courtyard.

Based on this picture, ludolfsky, a famous architect, first introduced dikengyuan to the world in his book architecture without architects. In the book, four aerial photos of dikengyuan village in Shanzhou were published.

Architectural features

Dikengyuan has the characteristics of strong and durable, warm in winter and cool in summer, wind proof and sound insulation, shockproof and earthquake resistance. The temperature in the kiln is above 10 ℃ in winter and about 20 ℃ in summer. People call it "natural air conditioning, constant temperature residence". When you enter the village, you can only hear people talking and laughing, chickens barking and dogs barking, but you can't see the houses in the village.

Construction skills

The construction process of dikengyuan can be divided into four steps, which can be simply summarized as "digging pits downward, digging holes in four walls, wearing boots and hats, and beautifying decoration". The construction technique is closely related to the traditional position of Yin Yang and eight trigrams, and also closely related to the life of the house owner, reflecting the outstanding wisdom of the ancients. Today, there are more than 200 villages like this, with more than 12000 underground yards. The most complete and oldest underground yard has existed for more than 300 years. This mysterious and unique residence is unique in China and even in the world.

geographical environment

geographical position

Shanzhou dikengyuan is located in the Shaanxi plateau of zhangbian Township, Shanzhou District, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province,

Shaanxi Province is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains in the East, Tongguan and Qinchuan in the west, and the east-west traffic arteries. It connects the two lakes in the South and Shanxi in the north. It is the throat of trade between the north and the south. It is a strategic place for ancient military strategists. Xiaoshan, Hangu and Yanling are divided into the East, West and south of Sanmenxia. To the north, a natural barrier, the Yellow River, meanders eastward. Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan are governed by the boundary river of Shanzhou.

Geology and geomorphology

The terrain of Shanzhou district is high in the South and low in the north. It is steep in the East and inclined in the West. The loess layer in this area is about 20 to 70 meters thick, and the ground falls from south to North in steps. The lowest altitude is 308m, the highest is 1466m, and the relative elevation difference is 1158m.

Climatic characteristics

Shaanxi plateau is located in the middle latitude inland area. In winter, it is mostly controlled by the cold high pressure of Mongolia. The climate is dry and cold with few rain and snow. In spring, the temperature rises and the rain increases. In summer, it is hot and waterlogged. In autumn, the climate is cool and the rain decreases.

Main attractions

Folk Culture Park

The folk culture park is mainly composed of 22 dikengyuan, which are connected with each other. It has different themes and shows the world the historical evolution of dikengyuan and the life style and folk arts of people in Shanzhou.

At the same time, many undeveloped dikengyuan are reserved for tourists to visit. They look for the lost underground ancient villages along the Loess Plateau, so that the traditional culture of dikengyuan can be passed on for a long time.

The folk show and intangible cultural heritage show in the Keng courtyard, such as Chui Cao printing, Shanzhou paper cutting, gongs and drums, Chengni inkstone, puppet show, shadow play, sugar painting, red song show, Shanzhou characteristic wedding custom show, are interactive and rich in culture. They have been loved by the majority of tourists since their opening.

Zhou Zhao divided Shaanxi

During the Western Zhou Dynasty (more than 3100 years ago), after the death of Jifa, King Wu of Zhou, his son Chengwang was young, and his younger brothers zhougongdan and Zhaogong Xun were assistant officials. At that time, the world was very unstable. Zhou and Zhao decided to separate Shaanxi and govern it. "Shaanxi" was Shaanxi plateau, which was zhangbianyuan, where Shanzhou dikengyuan scenic spot was located. The Duke of Zhou governs the east of Shaanxi, and the Duke of Zhao governs the west of Shaanxi. Duke Zhou and Duke Zhao worked hard and loved the people in their respective districts, which laid an important foundation for the stability and prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Zhao's division of Shaanxi made the first peaceful and prosperous age in Chinese history, "the rule of Chengkang" and "never close the door at night, never find anything left on the road, and draw a dungeon" all came from it.

Chuanshan stove

Chuanshan stove is the unique stove of dikengyuan. The stove is sloping upward and the center of the stove is interlinked. According to the principle of heat upward, nine stove holes are opened in turn, and nine pots can be placed at the same time. The temperature of the stove can be reduced gradually, and the "ten bowl mat" of dikengyuan's special food can be cooked according to the heat. The first fire of Chuanshan stove is the most prosperous, which is suitable for cooking. With the gradual weakening of fire, it has the functions of stewing, stuffy and heat preservation.

Chuanshan stove makes the best use of heat energy, which is very energy-saving. Several pots operate at the same time, which is very efficient. Although the appearance of Chuanshan stove is simple, its structure is ingenious and its function is powerful, which is full of the life wisdom of people in dikengyuan.

A hundred surnames in China

In ancient times, each clan had its own totem, and later many totems evolved into surnames. In the eyes of primitive people, totem is actually a personified object of worship. The significance of totem worship is to confirm the unity of clan members in blood.

Baiyiyuan

Baiyiyuan antique buildings carved beams and painted buildings, magnificent momentum, ancient rhyme, mainly for tourism commodity sales area. On the streets, long banners with yellow background and red letters flutter in the wind. In the houses, there are handicrafts, antique calligraphy and paintings, gold, silver and jade articles. Each piece of art is exquisite and full of interest.

Maweiyi · baiweixiang snack street

Baiweixiang snack street introduces maweiyi snack street in Shaanxi Province, which collects more than 100 kinds of famous snacks from Qin, Jin and Henan provinces for tourists to enjoy the delicious food. Beside the snack street, wuxingyuan also has the local characteristic "Shanzhou ten bowl banquet", which is made of local materials, economical, meat and vegetable, soup and dish, and unique flavor, so that tourists can enjoy the carnival on the tip of their tongue.

Folk custom and intangible cultural heritage

Shaanxi paper cut

Shaanxi paper-cut has a long history, which can be traced back to the Xia and Zhou dynasties. The paper-cut works have a wide range of materials, full composition, vivid modeling and rich local flavor. Among them, the black paper-cut has a unique style, which is an epitome of the Yellow River culture. The art of paper-cut is passed on from male to female. It has its own style and unique charm. Shaanxi paper-cut is known as "a wonderful folk flower, a unique Central Plains", has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list.

Beat grass printing

Chui Cao printing is a unique printing and dyeing technique in China and an intangible cultural heritage of Henan Province. The local people picked a kind of wild plant "qianbangcao" and put it in the white cotton cloth to form a flower pattern. Then they spread it on the stone and beat it with a wooden mallet. The juice of the grass was infiltrated into the white cloth to form a pattern of green flowers on a white background. With this skill, simple life has become colorful.

Shanzhou Chengni inkstone

Shenzhou Chengni inkstone is one of the four famous inkstones in Chinese history. It was listed as a tribute by the Imperial Palace and won the gold medal of Panama International Exposition in 1914. Chengni inkstone is made of fine clay which has been washed and processed. Its texture is delicate, just like baby's skin. It has the characteristics of water storage, cold weather, ink without loss, luster and moisture.

Shaanxi gongs and Drums Book

Gonggushu is an ancient traditional opera art, which is mainly popular in Sanmenxia, Henan Province and Shanzhou. Therefore, people call this kind of music Shanzhou gonggushu. Shaanxi gongs and drums book is a sitting singing form. Before the opening, it is necessary to play the opening gongs and drums to create an atmosphere. The local old artists play and sing in the local dialect of western Henan, which has distinct regional characteristics. It can be called China's "shelf drum" and "Jazz", and its artistic value is very outstanding.

Tourism information

admission ticket

Full price ticket: 60 yuan / person time

intended for:

① Adult;

② Children over 1.5m (excluding 1.5m) in height;

③ The elderly under 60 years old (excluding 60 years old);

Discount ticket: 30 yuan / person time

intended for:

① Children with height of 1.2m (excluding 1.2m) - 1.5m (including 1.5m);

② Senior citizens aged 60 (including 60 years old) to 69 (including 69 years old) (with their valid certificates);

③ Student (with my student ID card); hold my ID card on the day of birthday;

Free ticket:

① Children under 1.2m (including 1.2m) are free of charge;

② Senior citizens over 70 years old (including 70 years old) are free of charge (with their valid certificates);

③ Journalists are free (with press card);

④ The tour guide is free of charge (with the National Junior tour guide certificate or above);

⑤ Disabled (with my disability certificate and verification form issued by our customer service department);

⑥ Soldiers in active service (with their own relevant certificates);

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