Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve

Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve

synonym

Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve generally refers to Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve

Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, adjacent to Qinghai and Tibet, with an area of 45000 square kilometers and an average altitude of more than 4600 meters.

Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve is remote, cold and lack of oxygen, which makes the reserve retain unique and rare wild animals in China. Due to the unique geographical environment and rich natural resources of the reserve, IUCN (World Union for the conservation of nature and natural resources) and WWF (World Wildlife Fund) said in the preface of the report after joint investigation that it is "one of the rare biogeographic provinces in the world and a rare gene pool of Plateau species". The reserve was included in the Encyclopedia Britannica when it was established in 1983. It has been listed in the priority protection list of China's biodiversity conservation action plan.

Altun Mountain Nature Reserve Altun Mountain Nature Reserve is surrounded by high mountains. The highest peak of Mt. MUZTAG is 6973 meters above sea level. Modern glaciers, plateau lakes, plateau deserts and a wide variety of Tibetan wild donkeys, Tibetan antelopes, wild yaks, wild camels, black necked cranes, Tibetan snow chickens, white shouldered eagles, jade ribbon sea eagles and other rare animals, together with 241 kinds of wild plants, are the wonders of the plateau.

Historical evolution

In 1974, in order to promote the construction of nature reserves in Xinjiang, Yuan Guoying, on behalf of the Environmental Protection Office of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, and Wang Mingda, chief engineer of Xinjiang forestry department, jointly planned the construction of 16 nature reserves in Xinjiang according to the characteristics of Xinjiang,

It was established in 1983 with the approval of the people's Government of Xinjiang Autonomous Region.

In 1984, the Environmental Protection Bureau of the autonomous region, together with the Xinjiang branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, formed a comprehensive scientific investigation team with complete specialties in geology, geomorphology, meteorology, hydrology, soil, plants, mammals, birds, insects and medical insects. More than 60 people conducted a two-month scientific investigation on the nature reserve and obtained a large number of scientific samples and data.

In 1985, it was promoted as a national nature reserve by the State Council. In order to strengthen the protection of the ecological environment and natural resources in Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve, and effectively crack down on illegal activities of indiscriminate hunting and destruction of resources, the reserve management office has taken effective measures to strengthen the protection in recent years.

In 1986, it was upgraded to a National Nature Reserve, managed by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then transferred to Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture.

In 2009, the state invested 12 million yuan to improve the facilities of Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve.

geographical environment

geographical position

Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, adjacent to Qinghai and Tibet. It is located at 87 ° 10 ′ - 91 ° 18 ′ e, 36o00 ′ - 37o49 ′ n, with an area of 45000 square kilometers and an average altitude of more than 4600 meters.

topographic features

The reserve is a closed basin surrounded by high mountains, which is located in the inland. In Aerge mountain of Altun Mountain Nature Reserve, there is an ancient karst landform, which starts from bukadaban mountain in the East and ends at aqikkule Lake in the West. It is 350 km long, 20-30 km wide and covers an area of about 10000 square kilometers. It is deep in the mountains with an altitude of 4400-5000 meters.

Climatic characteristics

The climate of the reserve is cold, dry and windy, with strong evaporation. There is no frost free period in the whole year, no four seasons, only cold and warm. The warm season is short, warm and wet, while the cold season is long, dry and cold. The annual precipitation is about 300 mm and the annual average temperature is below 0 ℃. The air in the area is pure, the sunshine is strong, and the weather is changeable. As described in "wearing fur coat early and wearing gauze in the afternoon", it is difficult to understand that in the middle of a day, the sun is suddenly burning, the wind is blowing and the snow is blowing, the thunder is blaring and the lightning is shining, and the hail is falling suddenly.

hydrology

There are eight rivers and many seasonal rivers in the Altun Mountain Nature Reserve, which form the "main artery" in the Plateau Basin, moistening the vast alpine grassland. The drainage area of the eight major rivers is 20000 square kilometers.

Lakes are scattered all over the reserve, with a total area of 1200 square kilometers, accounting for 2.7% of the reserve area, which plays an important role in regulating the climate in the reserve.

The largest spring diameter is more than 200 meters, and the other two are 50 meters. The spring is characterized by descending spring, and there are still many high mountain hot springs to be explored in its volcanic activity area.

There are 388 glaciers in Aerjin nature reserve, covering an area of 878.3 square kilometers. The total storage of glaciers flowing to the reserve is 67.82 billion cubic meters. MUZTAG mountain and Xinqingfeng mountain are the concentrated development areas of modern glaciers. The glacier area accounts for 77.5% of the total glacier area in the reserve, and the thickness is more than 100 meters

Area

It is located in the southeast corner of Xinjiang, at the junction of Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet and Gansu provinces (80 ° 10 ′～ 90 ° 18 ′ e, 36 ° 00 ′～ 37 ° 49 ′ n). It is 360 km long from east to west, 190 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 45000 square kilometers and an average altitude of 4500 meters. In March 1985, it was approved by the State Council as a national nature reserve.

Protection target

Protected objects

Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve is the first one in China to protect the fragile ecological environment of the plateau.

Botany

267 species of plateau plants, belonging to 83 genera of 30 families and 17 new subspecies, have been found in the reserve. There is no tree, only half shrub, showing the characteristics of plateau dwarfing

animal

There are 359 species of wild animals in the reserve. Among them, there are 30 species of tellurium, 79 species of birds and 250 species of insects. There are 12 kinds of national first class protected animals and 17 kinds of national second class protected animals.

There are 1 species of vertebrates, 1 species of reptiles, 25 species of mammals and more than 241 species of higher plants belonging to 96 genera and 27 families in the reserve. It is estimated that there are 2500 wild yaks, 20000 Tibetan wild donkeys and 40000 Tibetan antelopes, which are endemic to plateau animals.

In addition to wild yak, Tibetan wild donkey and Tibetan antelope, there are snow leopard, North goat, black necked Crane, vulture, jade belt sea eagle and golden eagle in Altun Mountain Nature Reserve. There are more than 20 species of animals under second level protection, such as horse bear, stone marten, lynx, jackal, rabbit monkey, argali, rock sheep, Tibetan gazelle, vulture, vulture, Tibetan snow chicken, Falcon, kestrel and brown tail Many new species of insects and plants were found in Chazhong.

Management measures

Every year, the staff of the management office go deep into the reserve to carry out normal patrol and scientific research investigation for more than 200 days, set up five checkpoints in the reserve, strengthen the management of mining, gold mining, tourism and exploration, and formulate the operation permit of Xinjiang Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve and the pass of Xinjiang Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve Those who do not have a pass are not allowed to enter the nature reserve, so as to provide a relatively quiet living environment for wild animals and make them less affected by human activities.

Tourism information

Shaziquan is located in the Altun Mountain Nature Reserve, at the northern foot of Kumukule mountain, the highest desert in the world. In addition to the huge yak herd, it can also see the wonderful scenery of < ishaiquan < / I. at the same elevation of 4000 meters above sea level, there are three giant spring eyes, which are like three giant "sand eyes", collectively known as < ishaiquan < / I.

Address: Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Longitude: 89.070987

Latitude: 36.589844