Matouzhai ancient architectural complex

Matouzhai ancient architectural complex

Matouzhai is located in the west corner of Hefeng Buyi and Miao Township, Kaiyang County, 58 kilometers northeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province. It is the oldest existing Tusi official village in China

. The village faces the Diwo Datian dam, backs the Baihua Mountain, and is surrounded by water on both sides. Qinghe River and Shenshui River surround the north and east of the village respectively. The roads in the village are mostly paved with bluestones and cobbles. It is not only the hometown of song Longji, the leader of the anti yuan movement, but also the residence of Zijiang, Jingjiang road and Matou in Diwo in the Yuan Dynasty. The site of zongguanfu remains today. There are also dozens of slogans left in the village when the first and third army regiments of the Red Army crossed Diwo in April 1935.

Ancient and modern development

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buyi ancestors moved from heiyang Daqing (now Guiyang) to both sides of the Qinghe River. During the yuan and Ming Dynasties, they gradually formed "Diwo eight villages" such as Matou village, Xinzhai, dianzhai, Yangfang village, Tongmu village, Anjia village, Shuitou village and Pingzhai. The so-called "Zhongjia", also known as "Zhongjia", is a Guizhou folk saying: "the Miao live in the mountains, the Zhongjia live in Shuitou, and the Hakka live in the streets.". It is the ancient people's name for today's Buyi ancestors who live by planting rice.

Most of the houses in matouzhai are stilt style quadrangles and Sanheyuan, which are usually of the mixed structure of crossing the bucket and lifting the beam, with one main body and two chambers plus the opposite Hall (or screen wall). The main room is three, five and seven rooms wide. The doors and windows are decorated with exquisite wood carvings. The front door of the main room is additionally equipped with a waist door, and the front part of the left compartment is equipped with a facing door. Most of them are auspicious designs such as dragon and Phoenix, and "ten thousand" characters. The Buyi people have a unique interpretation of some carved patterns. For example, they think that the "Wan" character symbolizes water chariot flower or crab flower, which are all related to water. It fully reflects the water culture tradition formed by the Buyi people living along the water since ancient times. There are 208 households and 1126 people in matouzhai, most of whom are Buyi. The villagers built houses on the hillside according to the local conditions. On the mountain, the ancient trees are towering and luxuriant. Around the Qinghe River in front of the village, the stone arch bridge crosses the river. Most of the paths in the village are paved with pebbles in the shape of "man". Siheyuan is mostly decorated with bluestone, which is antique. On the sixth day of the sixth month of the sixth lunar month, tens of thousands of Bouyei people in diwobazhai wear festival costumes to celebrate the "sixth of June" Song Festival in matouzhai. Matouzhai is the home of song Longji, the leader of the largest anti yuan movement in the Yuan Dynasty, and also the location of "Diwo Matou" in the Ming Dynasty. The former residence site of song Longji. There are 97 dwellings, 2 temples, more than 50 meters of village wall, 1 stone arch bridge, 1 theater, more than 1000 meters of ancient road, 2 ancient wells, and 25 Red Army slogans.

Matouzhai has become an important scenic spot of xianghuoyan in Guizhou Province. On June 2, 2006, the ancient architectural complex of matouzhai in Kaiyang County was announced by the State Council as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

status

Matouzhai is the first village in Guizhou Province, which integrates national key cultural relics protection units, Chinese historical and cultural village, Chinese traditional village and Guizhou top ten characteristic ethnic architecture.

Address: Hefeng Township, Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province

Longitude: 106.92182356013

Latitude: 26.934096015426