New River Sluice Bridge Group

New River Sluice Bridge Group

The new river sluice bridge group is located in Xinhe Town, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province. The new river sluice bridge was first built in Song Dynasty, and has been built in later dynasties. There are four existing sluice bridges, namely zhongzha, cizha, Beizha and Xialu sluice, which are composed of zhongzha, cizha, Beizha and Xialu sluice. MACI gate is a two hole beam type gate bridge with excellent system. Two vertical gate slots are made on both sides of the middle of the pier to place the wooden gate. Correspondingly, there is no beam plate in the center of the bridge deck, leaving a gap to open the gate, which is clumsy. Both ends of the pier are made with water dividing points, and the upper part of the pier is made into a line base similar to the Pu Bai Fang. The column base, column and heavy Dougong structure are hidden above the pier. The practices of the Dougong petal, the Dougong eye and the concentric bucket have the architectural style of the song and Yuan Dynasties. Others, such as zhongzha, Beizha and Xialu Zha, are two span bridge with gate beam. The construction age is a little later, and the details are extensive. It is a key cultural relic protection unit of the state.

constitute

MACI gate

It is located on the river about 500 meters east of Gaoqiao Township, Xinhe Town. It is said that it was built by Zhu Wengong. It is said that the bridge stone will be broken and the immortal will stick it with MUCI. The gate has two holes in east-west direction, 11.1 meters in length and 3.7 meters in width, with a span of 4.75 meters. The lower part of the pier is made into a component water point, and the water dividing point is overlaid with a stone platform. On the stone platform, a stop log is used. The head of the stop log is made into an arch, and the bucket is used to support the arch stop log, which is very distinctive. On August 21, 2002, the people's Government of Wenling City announced that MACI gate is a municipal cultural relic protection unit.

Xialu gate

It is located near gualanshan, Chengbei Village, Xinhe Town. The gate has two holes, which are 11.63 meters long and 3.45 meters wide. The span of the two holes is increased to 4.6 meters. There are two grooves in the middle of the gate. The lower part of the gate pier is made into a component water point, and the water dividing point is stacked with a stone platform. On the stone platform, a stop log is used, and the end of the stop log is made into an arch.

North Gate

Located in Beizha village, Xinhe Town, it is said that Zhu Xi built six gates, which is the first gate in the north, so it is called "Beizha". The gate has two holes in east-west direction, 10 meters long and 4 meters wide. The span of the two holes is 4 meters. There are two slots in the middle of the gate. The lower part of the pier is made into a component water point, and the water dividing point is overlaid with a stone platform. The stoplog is used above the stone platform, and the stoplog head is made into a plug arch shape.

Zhongzha

Located at the back of Nanjian primary school in zhongzha village, Xinhe Town, the stele erected by Wenling cultural relics management department at the side of the bridge introduces that this gate is one of the six gates built by Zhu Xi. It was built in the Southern Song Dynasty and rebuilt in different dynasties. The gate has three holes, north-south direction, 14.4 meters long and 3.8 meters wide. The span of the middle hole is 4.9 meters, and the span of the north and South holes is 4.8 meters. There are two slots in the middle of the gate.

history

Xinhezhaqiao group is located in Nanjian, Beizha and Chengbei villages of Xinhe Town. It has a long history. It was built in Song Dynasty, and then in Qing Dynasty. The new river sluice bridge group includes four gates, namely, the Mazi gate, the middle gate, the north gate and the Xialu gate. The shape of the gate is that two sluice grooves are opened in the middle of the gate, the lower part of the pier is made into a component water point, the water dividing point is stacked with a stone platform, and the stoplog is used above the stone platform, and the stoplog head is made into a plug arch shape. This method is very local and similar to other existing Guping bridges. In particular, the architectural technique and proportion of the MACI bridge are deeply influenced by the wooden structure, which is very consistent with the shape of the Song Dynasty's "Zao Zao FA Shi". With the beautiful legend of "the bridge will be broken, and the immortal will stick to it with hemp", it becomes a typical representative of the whole Zhaqiao group. Among them, the style of Mazi gate is simple and simple, which is about the legacy of song and Yuan Dynasties. Mazi gate is a two hole beam Gate Bridge with excellent system. Two vertical gate slots are made on both sides of the middle of the pier to place the wooden gate. Correspondingly, there is no beam plate in the center of the bridge deck, leaving a gap to open the gate, which is clumsy. Both ends of the pier are made with water dividing points, and the upper part of the pier is made into a line base similar to the Pu Bai Fang. The column base, column and heavy Dougong structure are hidden above the pier. The practices of the Dougong petal, the Dougong eye and the concentric bucket have the architectural style of the song and Yuan Dynasties. Others, such as zhongzha, Beizha and Xialu Zha, are all two span bridges with gate beams. They were built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although the new river sluice Bridge Group has been changed, it still has a good preservation of the original historical appearance, containing rich historical information. It has a high position in the history of water conservancy and architecture in Zhejiang Province, and has a high value of historical relics.

According to records, the New River Gate Bridge was first built in the Song Dynasty, and has been built in later dynasties. Among the four existing sluice bridges, the MACI sluice has a simple style, which is a legacy of the song and Yuan Dynasties. The others may have been built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Wenling * negative mountains, the West and southwest negative mountains, into the rivers, the source is short and fast, it is difficult to save. In the eastern and southeastern coastal areas, the river is shallow and narrow, and the outlet to the sea is supported by the tide, so the silt is blocked and the discharge is not smooth. Central plain, low-lying, known as "the bottom of the pot.". Floods and droughts occur frequently. Before the Song Dynasty, in order to ensure farmland irrigation, more "dais" (dams) were built to store water. There was a saying that "Guanhe River runs through eight townships, Zhijing 930, dai200". There are a lot of buildings, but there are many contradictions. In Youjian (1086-1093) of the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the low-lying terrain, uneven storage and discharge, and the abundant harvest of farmers, Tixing Luoshi changed Daidai into a sluice, and created three sluice gates, huangwang, Zhouyang and Yongfeng, "when drought is closed, water will be stored; when poverty is open, water will be discharged, and the people are satisfied with it", which opened a new page in the history of Wenling water conservancy.

About a hundred years later, in 1182, Zhu Xi proposed the coastal situation in eastern Zhejiang, invited the construction of Yuanpu, Jinqing, liuzha, Baobu, Changpu, Jiaolong and Dounan (among them, the two gates of Yuanpu and Jinqing were in Wenling), and proposed the construction of Yongfeng, huangwang and Zhouyang gates. In 1183, the sentence of longshangtai in Western Shu was successively completed. The water conservancy foundation of Wenling was established. Located in Nanjian village of Xinhe Town, MACI gate is called "Zhu Wengong Jian" in Guangxu Taiping continuation annals. It is said that the bridge stone will be broken, and the immortal will stick it with MUCI. " The name of Beizha, located in Beizha village of Xinhe Town, is recorded in the gazetteer of Wenling County as "six gates were built here by Zhu Xi of Song Dynasty, so it is named because it is located in the first gate in the north." Later, the gate was blocked for a long time, and the discharge of water was not smooth or could not be discharged. For example, in the third year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1299), Zhizhou Korean treasure built Zhouyang new sluice, and built Jinqing, Yongfeng, huangwang and other sluice. In 1376, Sun Bin repaired the gates. Twenty four years (1391) and sent people to build, and there are additional. In the 12th year of Yongle (1414), Chen Yan was ordered to repair. Later generations, it was built many times. Therefore, the gates and bridges are all over the Xinhe River, forming a group of gates and bridges, which has written a glorious page in the history of Wenling water conservancy construction.

However, it is not enough to have a long history. What is more important is how much of its original history it retains. If it has changed beyond recognition in the long history, it will not be of much value. Fortunately, the historical features of the New River Gate Bridge Group are still clearly visible, and the architectural technique is unique, which has high research value. The most unique feature is the introduction of the most representative important component of Chinese wood structure system - bucket arch. The bucket arch is the transition member between the roof and the column, in which the short wood that is pulled up like a bow is called "arch", and the small square wood that is like a rice bucket between the arches is called "dou". Mr. Liang Sicheng has a wonderful discussion on the role and significance of the bucket arch: "the bucket arch is the most repeated component of the whole building, which has always been used as the reference base for calculating the material and engineering volume. In the Song Dynasty, it officially became the basic module of architecture, making China the only country in the world that really implemented the module of architecture. " Although Chinese stone architecture has a strong affinity to wood complex, as a gate bridge, it is rare to use the Dou Gong in the wood structure system. The new river gate bridge group obviously uses the Dou Gong structure, which is very characteristic. Among them, the MUCI sluice is particularly prominent. The water diversion points are made at both ends of the pier, and the column foundation, column, concentric bucket and double arch structure are hidden above the pier. The bucket arch structure is very clear. In the evolution of Chinese architecture, the change of Dou Gong is very significant, which has the characteristics of the times. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Dou Gong was huge and simple, which had the function of structure. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was becoming more and more delicate and complicated, and the role of structure was reduced, gradually becoming a decorative component. And the Dougong of MACI gate is magnificent and simple, which has the style characteristics of early Song and Yuan Dynasty architecture. Full of ancient flavor, ready to come out.

In addition, in the design of Xinhe sluice bridge group, attention should be paid to its comprehensive function. The New River Gate Bridge Group is the combination of gate and bridge, which can pass on the upper and pass on the lower. Two grooves are chiseled on the pier and abutment to place the wooden gate. They are called gates and bridges among the people. For example, the north gate and the middle gate are called gates, and the Mazi gate is called bridge. They not only play the role of drainage and water storage, but also provide convenience for cross-strait transportation.

In this way, the New River Gate Bridge Group has a special position in the history of water conservancy and architecture. It has rich historical information and high cultural relic value, and also has the foundation to become a national key cultural relic protection unit.

significance

The historical features of the New River Gate Bridge Group are clearly visible, and the architectural techniques are unique, which has high research value. The most unique feature is the introduction of the most representative important component of Chinese wood structure system - bucket arch. The bucket arch is the transition member between the roof and the column, in which the short wood that is pulled up like a bow is called "arch", and the small square wood that is like a rice bucket between the arches is called "dou". Mr. Liang Sicheng has a wonderful exposition on the function and significance of Dou Gong: "Dou Gong is the whole body."