Guichengzhai site

Guichengzhai site

Guichengzhai site is located 1 km southeast of guichengzhai village in Anyang City, northeast of Jiaozuo City. In Zuo Zhuan (the 11th year of Yin Gong), Du noted: "the most important thing is in the north of Xiuwu County.". "Shuijingzhu" also contains: "Xiuwu County North of the old city.". Although the city has been destroyed, there are still some places which are slightly higher than the ground. Through the research of experts and scholars, it is the ancient ruins of Guicheng.

brief introduction

The cultural layer is thick, and archaeologists carried out a trial excavation in 1961. Unearthed cultural relics include stone tools, pottery, bone ware, fossils, etc. Stone tools include shovels, axes, sickles, chisels, knives, etc., all of which are made by grinding. There are pots, urns, basins and so on. Most of them are fragments. Gray pottery is more common, while red pottery is less common. Most of them are plain faced. Some of them are decorated with rope patterns. Red pottery is painted, and a few of them are painted. Also unearthed are ox horn and deer horn fossils. It belongs to the transitional period from Yangshao culture to Longshan culture, that is, the late Yangshao culture, which indicates that Jiaozuo was inhabited by human beings in the Neolithic period. In June 1963, it was announced as the first batch of provincial cultural relics protection units in Henan Province.

Excavation

In 1965, Henan Provincial Museum and Qinyang County Cultural Center jointly excavated the site. The whole site is 2-4 meters higher than the surrounding farmland, and the cultural layer is divided into four layers.

The first layer: earth color light gray, unearthed with small mouth sharp bottom bottle mouth edge, red pottery black color network pattern basin, red pottery red color network pottery pot, sand gray pottery urn.

The second layer: light gray soil color, mixed with red burnt broken soil, unearthed with single lip small mouth pointed bottom bottle and double lip small mouth pointed bottom bottle, sand gray pottery pot, dingzu, etc.

The third layer: the soil color is gray brown. There are gourd shaped pointed bottom bottles, white black pottery pots, red pottery pots and so on.

The fourth layer: soil color light gray, unearthed gourd mouth shaped pointed bottom bottle, red pottery shallow belly basin, red top bowl, red pottery urn, etc.

In the third and fourth layers, red pottery is the most common, while gray pottery is rare. There are a large number of "red top" pottery. Most of the painted pottery is red pottery with red color, and a small number of white painted pottery. The decorative patterns are mainly hook leaf pattern, vertical arc pattern, triangular arc pattern, and also the pattern composed of horizontal and straight lines.

In the first and second layers, most of the unearthed objects are red pottery, but the number of gray pottery increases obviously, and there are few polished black pottery. The utensils are mainly plain, but there are a few string patterns and rope patterns. Painted pottery accounts for a large proportion, and red and black colors are used at the same time. There are many kinds of colors such as red, black and purple applied to one ware.

In addition to using three or four layers of decorative patterns, a large number of net patterns, bird claw patterns and mountain patterns are also used.

The third and fourth floors of the site belong to the early Yangshao culture, and the first and second floors belong to the late Yangshao culture.

Address: guichengzhai village, Anyang City, Macun District, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province

Longitude: 113.37085648793

Latitude: 35.311757467657