Historical District of Macao

Historical District of Macao

The historic district of Macao is located in the Macao Peninsula of the Macao Special Administrative Region, with the old city of Macao as the center, connecting more than 20 historical buildings. The historical urban area starts from Wangyang mountain in the East, Xinma road in the west, neigang Wharf in the west, mage mountain in the South and Baige Nest Park in the north. The buildings in the urban complex were built from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China, with a time span of more than 400 years.

The historic district of Macao is located in a long and narrow terrain from the middle to the southwest of the Macao Peninsula in the Macao Special Administrative Region. It connects the historical buildings of Macao through the adjacent squares and streets, and also includes the Oriental fort on the Dongwangyang mountain in the east of the peninsula.

The historic district of Macao has witnessed the history of mutual exchange and coexistence of Chinese culture and Western culture in Macao for more than 400 years. Because of the integration of Chinese and Western culture, most of the buildings in the city have the characteristics of Chinese and western. The main scenic spots in Macao's historic district include more than 20 historical buildings, such as mage temple, Port Authority building, Zhengjia house, Da Sanba memorial archway, etc.

On July 15, 2005, the 29th World Heritage conference was held in South Africa. According to the selection criteria C (II) (III) (IV) (VI) for cultural heritage, Macao's historic city is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

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Historical evolution

In the middle of the 16th century, in response to the new situation of Sino foreign trade, the Ming government set aside a lot in the southwest of Macao Peninsula for the Portuguese dominated foreign businessmen to live and trade. As a result, an international city integrating the people of Europe, Asia, Africa and the United States was born. The Portuguese named this walled city "the city of the holy name of God", and Macao's historical city is the core part of it.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Catholic missionaries took Macao as their missionary base and engaged in missionary work in the Far East. They brought modern western science and technology, humanities and arts to China, and introduced China's cultural achievements to the West. As a base, Macao, with the efforts of various monasteries, has created many "China's first" undertakings, such as China's first Western University (St. Paul's College), China's first Western Hospital (baimaxing hospital), China's first printing house for making plates and printing Latin characters in Western metals (St. Paul's College Affiliated printing office), and China's first foreign language newspaper（ Aabelhada China, etc.

Since the middle of the 16th century, people from Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain, France, Italy, the United States, Japan, Sweden, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, North Korea and even Africa have built houses, churches, roads, forts and even cemeteries in Macao's historic city. Some of the main architectural forms and styles after the Renaissance, combined with different architectural elements in other parts of Asia, produced new variants in Macao, forming a unique architectural style.

Architectural pattern

structure

The historic district of Macao is located in a long and narrow terrain from the middle to the southwest of the Macao Peninsula in the Macao Special Administrative Region. It connects the historical buildings of Macao through the adjacent squares and streets, and also includes the Oriental fort on the Dongwangyang mountain in the east of the peninsula.

In terms of spatial layout, the historic buildings in Macao are mainly distributed in strips with dense distribution. According to the specific distribution, mage temple is located at the southwest end of the Macao Peninsula, guarding the entrance of the inner port; the Port Authority building is located in mage inclined lane on the left side of MAGE temple, passing mage street in front of yapojing, where Zheng's house is located; then passing Gaolou Street to fengshuntang street, shenglaolengzuo church stands at the end of the street. The upper street of Fengshun church behind St. laorenzo's church is connected with sanbazi cross street. The gate of Saint Joseph's convent is located here, and Saint Joseph's convent is close to the church. Sanbazai cross street turns to the right, and Yehui inclined lane is the front of Gangding. There are St. Austin church, Gangding theater and Hedong library. In front of Gangding, go down to Xinma road through Dongfang inclined lane, next to the building of the civil affairs department; in front of the conference hall opposite the building of the Civil Affairs Department, there are three streets guild hall (Guandi Temple) on the left and mercy hall building on the right; from the mercy hall building to the left through luojiedi lane, the hall (Bishop's Cathedral) is in front of you; after passing the hall, you enter the Hall Lane, and Lu's house stands in the lane; you get out of the hall Lane is in front of banzhang hall. On the left side is the elegant Rose Hall. Go ahead, then turn to Da Sanba street by selling grass street. At the end is da Sanba memorial archway. On the right side of the Da Sanba memorial archway is the big fort, and on the left are the ruins of the old city wall and the Nezha temple. Take the bus to the left and turn out of huawangtang street. There is St. Antony's church. Not far away is the front ground of dove's nest. The East Foundation's site and Christian cemetery are on the right side of the front ground. The Oriental fort, lighthouse and Notre Dame snow hall stand on the top of the highest peak of the Macao Peninsula.

characteristic

The historic district of Macao is the oldest, largest, best preserved and most concentrated building complex with eastern and Western styles in China, including the oldest church sites and monasteries, the oldest Christian cemetery, the oldest Western Fort building complex, the first Western Theater, the first modern lighthouse and the first Western University.

In terms of architectural style, it has the architectural colors of medieval cities in European Catholic countries and Portugal, with light yellow and pink purple exterior walls and white decorative line corners, forming the overall appearance of fresh, simple, elegant and beautiful buildings in Macao, which is different from any city in inland China.

The historic district of Macao has witnessed the history of mutual exchange and coexistence of Chinese culture and Western culture in Macao for more than 400 years. Because of the integration of Chinese and Western culture, most of the buildings in the city have the characteristics of Chinese and western. Most of the buildings in the urban area are still well preserved or keep their original functions.

Main buildings

overview

Macao historic district is a historic district with the old district of Macao as the core, which is connected by adjacent squares and streets, including ma'ge temple, yapo well, Gangding, conference hall, lobby, banzhang hall, Jesuit Memorial square, white pigeon nest and other square spaces, as well as ma'ge temple, Port Authority building, Zhengjia house, Saint Lao Renzo church, St. Joseph's convent and church, Gangding theater, Hedong library, St. Austin church, Home Affairs Department building, three streets guild hall (Guandi Temple), mercy hall building, lobby (Episcopal Church), Lujia house, Rose Hall, Da Sanba memorial archway, narzha temple, old city wall ruins, cannon fort, St. Andoni church, Oriental Foundation site, Christian cemetery, East Church There are more than 20 historical buildings such as Wangyang Fort (including Dongwangyang lighthouse and Notre Dame snow Hall).

Mage Temple

Mage temple, located in the southwest of Macao Peninsula in Macao Special Administrative Region, is built in Ming Dynasty. It ranks first among Macao World Heritage sites. It is the oldest temple in Macao that can be tested in real objects. It is also the longest preserved cultural relics in Central Plains of Macao. Mage Temple existed before Portuguese came to Macao. In the early period, it was called niangma temple, Tianfei temple or haijue temple; later, it was named "Mazu Pavilion", which is commonly known as "mage Temple" in Chinese. It is said that when Portuguese first boarded Macao, they first saw "Mazu Pavilion ferry" and the temple. Local people pointed to the temple and said it was "Ma Pavilion". Portuguese people think that "mage" is the name of the island, so they have the name of Macao.

Mage Temple includes the first Hall of Shenshan, Zhengjue temple, Hongren temple, Guanyin Pavilion and other buildings.

A pair of stone lions in front of the temple are lifelike. In the temple, there are the main hall, the stone hall, the Hongren hall and the Guanyin Pavilion. In the temple, an ocean boat stone is carved with the figure of an ancient sea boat.

Quartel dos Mouros

The Port Authority building, formerly known as the Yaluo barracks, also known as the Navy factory, is located on the ramp of MAGE mountain. It is a masonry building influenced by Arabic color and Gothic architectural features. It was built in 1874. It was the camp for the police who came to Macao from India at that time. It could house more than 200 officers and soldiers. In 1905, it was changed to the office of the port authority and the marine police. Now it is the office building of the port authority of the Macao Special Administrative Region government.

Zheng family house

Zheng family mansion, built in 1881, is the former residence of Zheng Guanying, a modern Chinese thinker. It is a typical Lingnan residence with exquisite wood and stone carving. It is a model of Chinese civilization in Macao. At the same time, influenced by Portuguese style residence and Western classical style, the interior ceiling treatment, lintel and window lintel style are western style. The courtyard is antique, with Bauhinia flowers planted by Zheng Guanying.

St. laorenzo Church

The Chinese name of the church is Fengshun hall, which means praying for "good weather". Founded in 1560, it is one of the three ancient churches in Macao. The present scale system was formed in the 26th year of Daoguang (1846). The exterior features of church architecture are baroque style on the basis of European classical style. The left and right bell towers of the church stand side by side. One is a clock for telling the time, and the other is a bronze bell for shaking and ringing during mass. church