Zhongshui site

On May 9, 2006, Weining's "water culture" officially became one of the "top ten new archaeological discoveries in China in 2005". Zhongshui site includes Jigongshan culture, wujiadaping site, hongyingpan cemetery, yinyintan cemetery and Dahewan site.

Three thousand years ago, it was the largest granary in Guizhou, the only pottery production place in Guizhou, and one of the breakthroughs to uncover the mystery of Yeying. The discovery and excavation of the Zhongshui site filled in the archaeological gap of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guizhou. In the 1960s and 1970s, archaeologists found precious cultural relics left over from ancient times, such as Han tombs, pottery, bone ware, rice, large pits and twisted human skeletons in the area of Zhongshui. Therefore, Zhongshui has become a hot topic in the discussion of Yelang Culture. From 2000 to 2005, reclaimed water once became the holy land, hot spot and focus of National Archaeology.

Zhongshui is located at the junction of Weizhong County in Guizhou Province and Zhaotong City in Yunnan Province. The excavation sites are located on the slopes and mountain ridges on both sides of Zhonghe River in Zhongshui basin, including wujiadaping, guoguoguozhan, Jigongshan, Yingpanshan and Xinjie tombs. The exposed area is nearly 3000 square meters. More than 200 sacrificial pits, tombs, ash pits, house sites and ditches have been cleared, and a large number of cultural relics such as pottery, stone, bone, jade and bronze have been unearthed.

Zhongshui site, one of the "top ten new archaeological discoveries in China" in 2005, has filled many gaps in prehistoric archaeology in Guizhou. Its history is at least 2000-3500 years ago, which provides a rare basis for studying the historical and cultural changes of Gu Yelang.

Zhongshui site

Zhongshui is located at the junction of Weining County, Guizhou Province and Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. The excavation sites are located on the slopes and ridges on both sides of Zhonghe River in Zhongshui basin, including wujiadaping, guoguozhan, Jigongshan, Yingpanshan and Xinjie tombs. The exposed area is nearly 3000 square meters. More than 200 sacrificial pits, tombs, ash pits, house sites and ditches have been cleared, and a large number of cultural relics such as pottery, stone, bone, jade and bronze have been unearthed.

Zhongshui site

times

Shang and Zhou Dynasties

Excavation site

Hongyingpan, Qianhe village, Zhongshui Town, Weining County, Guizhou Province

Excavation unit

Guizhou Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology

brief introduction

The excavation of the Zhongshui prehistoric site group, represented by the Jigongshan site, made the prehistoric settlement sites in the mountainous area with more comprehensive functions excavated for the first time in Guizhou, and filled many gaps in prehistoric archaeology in Guizhou. At present, there is no direct stratigraphic superimposition relationship among these ancient cultural relics, but according to the pottery, it can be seen that there is not only a time relationship but also a mutual relationship between them. The discovery of these cultural remains of different periods can initially establish the development series of archaeological culture from the late Neolithic to the early iron age in western Guizhou and even northeast Yunnan.

Interestingly, in Jigongshan site, archaeologists also found a large number of rice specimens. According to Zhang Herong, an associate researcher of Guizhou Institute of cultural relics and archaeology, more than 80% of the 300 pits excavated in Jigongshan site have rice grains unearthed. These rice grains can be stored in two ways: one is tied together in the form of straw, the other is rice grains After making mature rice balls, they are burned during sacrificial activities. In addition, archaeologists also found that these rice grains are short and fat, and particularly short. It is shorter than the japonica rice planted in paddy fields, and the japonica rice itself is shorter than other rice varieties. However, this kind of rice is shorter than japonica rice, which is not like paddy rice. Experts think that it is probably upland rice. Experts think that there is another possibility that this kind of rice has changed in the environment of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. But at present, there is no exact answer to the exact description of this kind of rice.

The discovery of Jigongshan site not only fills the gap of Archaeology and settlement archaeology from the late Neolithic Age to the early Bronze Age in Guizhou, but also provides a typical combination of artifacts for the study of a new archaeological culture distributed in Northwest Guizhou and Northeast Yunnan, and provides important information for the discussion of the development sequence of archaeological culture in Guizhou and southwest China.

In addition, such a large number of sacrificial pits have been found in Jigongshan site, which is the first time among prehistoric cultural relics in Southwest China. The peak site with sacrifice as the main function has been found in Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, which provides important materials for the study of prehistoric mountain ethnic primitive sacrificial activities in Southwest China. Hongyingpan and Yintan cemeteries are close to each other, but there are great differences in utensils, burial customs and burial systems, which provide important information for the study of the local residents groups at that time. From the bronze weapons of the two cemeteries, we can see that the local culture was influenced by Bashu culture and Dian culture respectively, which provides new information for the relationship between Northwest Guizhou and Ba, Shu and Dian in different periods.

Address: it is located on the slope and ridge on both sides of Zhonghe River in Zhongshui basin

Longitude: 104.106445

Latitude: 26.782395