Yili general mansion site

After the Qing government calmed down the rebellion of xiaohezhuo and Zhuo and reunified the north and south of Tianshan Mountains, Yili general was set up in 1762 to govern Huiyuan city (now the south of Huocheng County in Xinjiang). General Yili was the highest official in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty. He was in charge of the military and political affairs in the north and south of Xinjiang, including the East and south of Balkhash Lake, the upper reaches of Erqis River, the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, and Pamir. In 1883, general Yili was abolished after Xinhai Revolution. Yili has always been an important channel from Xinjiang to Central Asia. In history, many towns were built here to develop trade. Yili general's house is located in Huiyuan City, Huocheng county. In order to strengthen the governance of Yili area, Qianlong of Qing Dynasty set up Yili generals here, built Huiyuan City, and successively built eight satellite cities around Huining, suiding, Guangren, Ningyuan, zhande, Gongchen, Xi and tarqi, collectively known as "nine cities of Yili". Huiyuan City, the first of the "nine cities of Ili", is well preserved. It was the seat of general Yili's mansion, the military and political center in the western border of China at that time. At present, the former site of the general's residence is still preserved in the city, and the former site faces south. The ancient trees in the courtyard are towering; halls, pavilions, winding paths and corridors still exist. The small and exquisite "general Pavilion" has been renovated and stands among the green pines and trees. In the past, a pair of stone lions with peculiar shapes in front of the gate of the general's mansion are still in the courtyard. They look lifelike and attractive. In the center of Huiyuan ancient city stands the grand bell and Drum Tower. You can have a panoramic view from the tower. In history, Hong Liangji, Qi Yunshi, Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Xu Song and other famous relegated scholars have made brilliant achievements here. Lin Zexu led the people to open water conservancy, consolidate border defense, and benefit the people. He was respected and trusted by general Yili and people of all nationalities. Although Lin Zexu has only been in Huiyuan for two years, his diaries, poems and letters have been handed down a lot.

yili general

synonym

The site of Yili general mansion generally refers to Yili general

General Yili, whose full name is president Yili and other generals, is the highest military and political officer in name in Xinjiang region established after Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty calmed down zhunjiang and Huibu.

General Yili has jurisdiction over Hami and Balikun in the East, Congling and Chuhe and Talas River Basins in the west, Balkhash Lake in the north and the middle and upper reaches of Erqis River in the south, and Kunlun Mountain in the south. In the 27th year of Qianlong, Mingrui was appointed as the first general of Yili. In 1912, Zhirui was appointed as the last general of Yili. General Yili controlled the counsellors of tarbahatai, Dutong of Urumqi and Kashgar.

The general of Yili had the functions of commanding the garrison, investigating the officials, stationing the land and setting up the animal husbandry, organizing the production, collecting taxes, patrolling the border and guarding the soil. After Xinjiang was established as a province in 1884, general Yili was only responsible for the defense and military administration of Yili and talbatai.

brief introduction

Now Huiyuan city still retains the former site of the general's residence, which faces south. The ancient trees in the courtyard are towering; halls, pavilions, winding paths and corridors still exist. The small and exquisite "general Pavilion" has been renovated and stands among the green pines and trees. In the past, a pair of stone lions with peculiar shapes in front of the gate of the general's mansion are still in the courtyard. They look lifelike and attractive.

In the center of Huiyuan ancient city stands the grand bell and Drum Tower. You can have a panoramic view from the tower. In history, Hong Liangji, Qi Yunshi, Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Xu Song and other famous relegated scholars have made brilliant achievements here. Lin Zexu led the people to open water conservancy, consolidate border defense, and benefit the people. He was respected and trusted by general Yili and people of all nationalities. Although Lin Zexu has only been in Huiyuan for two years, his diaries, poems and letters have been handed down a lot.

Jurisdiction

General Yili was the highest official position in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty. General Yili ruled the north and South roads of Xinjiang (the former place of weilat Mongolia, such as Junggar, to the north of Tianshan Mountain, was the "zhunbu"; the former place of Yeerqiang khanate, to the south of Tianshan Mountain, was the "Huibu"), including the East and south of Balkhash Lake, the upper reaches of Erqis River, the north and South roads of Tianshan Mountain, the Chuhe River, Talas River and Pamir Military and political affairs of the local government.

From the perspective of the establishment of officials, the focus of garrison is in Northern Xinjiang.

history

Pacify Xinjiang

In the early Qing Dynasty, the residents of South Tianshan Road in Xinjiang were mainly Uighurs who believed in Islam. Islam in China is also known as "Islam", so this area is also known as the Ministry of Islam. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Qardam of the Junggar tribe annexed Southern Xinjiang, and the Uygur leaders were detained as hostages in Ili. Uygur nobles Dahe zhuomu bunadan and Xiaoe zhuomu huojizhan were also detained here.

In 1755, after the Junggar tribe was pacified, the Qing army sent people to escort bunadan back to Yeerqiang (today's Shache) and let him continue to rule the old tribe. Huojizhan remained in Yili to manage the Uygur affairs. In doing so, the Qing government wanted to use them to help unify the Hui tribe in southern Xinjiang, but Huo Jizhan attempted to split and took part in the rebellion of Amur SANA. In 1757, Huo Jizhan launched a large-scale rebellion and killed a-mintu, the vice capital of the Qing army. Huo Jizhan called himself Batur Khan and had hundreds of thousands of followers.

The next year, the Qing government took Zhao Hui as its general and led the Qing army to suppress it. The big and small and Zhuo Mu resisted, and kept their walls clear to trap the Qing army.

In 1761, the Qing government put down the rebellion of xiaohezhuo and xiaohezhuo, and the Qing army with Zhaohui as general completely controlled Xinjiang,

In 1759, the Qing army attacked Kashgar (now Kashgar) and Yeerqiang, which were occupied by the rebels. The size and zhuomu of the two cities were trapped. Seeing that the hearts of the people were lost, they abandoned the city and fled. In July, the Qing army launched a fierce battle with the rebels in the yixi'erku valley of the Pamir Plateau. The number of those who fell was more than 12000. Xiaohezhuozhu broke through to the boundary of badak mountain (now northeast Afghanistan), and was captured and killed by Khan suletansha of badak mountain. His body was sent to the Qing government. The rebellion of Xiaohe and zhuomu was finally put down.

Garrison troops

In 1760, "in the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was proposed to set up troops in Xinjiang." "Draft of Qing Dynasty history - Military records I", Volume 130. Aksu affairs minister Agui led 500 Manchu and Sauron cavalry, 100 green flag soldiers, and 300 Uygur families to Yili to search for mahaqin, appease the herdsmen of erlut, build cities for reclamation, and set up troops for Xinjiang. According to a GUI's report to Qianlong, there were only 800 soldiers from Manchuria, Sauron and Chahar in Ili at that time. At that time, although there were nearly ten thousand green flag soldiers in Urumqi and Balikun, their main task was to produce food and prepare the material basis for the Qing government to deploy troops. After 1762, the problem of military provisions was solved.

yili general

In 1762, the Qing government set up Yili general, and Mingrui became the first general. Because "Huibu is connected with Yili", "Yili was the confluence of Xinjiang at the beginning of the survey" (records of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, Vol. 673, P. 13), the Minister of military machinery of the Qing Dynasty proposed to establish Yili general as the highest military and political officer of the Qing government in Xinjiang, which was approved by Qianlong. Mingrui was appointed as the first general of Yili, whose full name is "President Yili and other generals". His functions and powers are to "control the north and South roads, govern the foreign tribes, read the troops, and open up vast fields.". Qianlong explicitly stipulated that all Manchuria, Sauron, Chahar and green flag soldiers in Urumqi and Balikun were dispatched by general president Yili; southern Xinjiang was connected with Yili, and the garrisons from Yeerqiang and Kashgar, including Hami, were also in the charge of general Yili, and their local affairs were still handled by the garrison ministers. Since then, Xinjiang garrison system centered on general Yili has been established. Ili general has two counsellors and ministers, who are ailonga and illetu, who assist in the management of Ili affairs. Nashtong was appointed counsellor minister, stationed in Kashgar, premier, stationed in various troops in southern Xinjiang. Chuokoto, a counsellor, was stationed in talbatai.

In 1772, there was a counsellor Minister of Urumqi, who was appointed by sonomuzeling. The next year, he was promoted to the capital of Urumqi.

Four towns

In the last years of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, under general Yili, there were such posts as Minister of capital, counsellor, Minister of affairs, and Minister of leader. They were stationed in the north and south of Tianshan Mountain to manage local military and political affairs. On the North Road, there are one Yili counsellor minister, five leader ministers, one Tacheng counsellor minister, and one minister who works as a team leader. In South Road, there is a counselor Minister of Kashgar, who is in charge of Yeerqiang (now Shache), Yingjisha (now Yingjisha), Wushi, Aksu, Kuqa, Hetian (now Hetian), karasha (now Yanqi), Turpan and other city affairs ministers or neighboring team ministers. In the East Road, the capital of Urumqi is set up to manage the city affairs ministers or leaders of the ancient city (today's Qitai), Balikun, Hami, korkhara Wusu (today's Wusu), etc.

Urumqi has a unified member of the capital, Ili (today's southeast of Huocheng), talbahatai (today's Tacheng) and Kashgar (today's Kashgar) each have a counsellor minister, who is appointed by the general to govern the garrison officers and soldiers throughout the territory, collectively known as the "four towns". In addition, in Yeerqiang (today's Shache), Yingjisha (today's Yingjisha), Wushi, Aksu, Kuqa, Hetian (today's Hotan), kurkala Wusu (today's Wusu), karasha (today's Yanqi), Turpan, Gucheng (today's Qitai), Balikun, Hami and other cities, there are ministers of affairs or leaders to govern the civil and military officials at all levels of counties and battalions and manage the affairs of a city. General Yili is in charge of the military and political affairs of the whole Xinjiang, and the ministers stationed at all levels are placed in general Yili